INVESTIGATIONS ON CANINE PARVO VIRAL ENTERITIS
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Date
2014-07-05
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on 110 dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) with the history of enteritis/gastroenteritis between February 2013 and May 2014. The dogs were screened for canine parvo viral enteritis by using Scanvet Rapid Antigen Detection kit developed by Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad (India). The overall prevalence for the disease was 43.63% (48/110) in the area. The infection was more prevalent (70.83%) in younger dogs (< 6 month of age), males (77.08%) and in Mongrel dogs (37.5%). The prominent clinical signs were diarrhoea (haemorrhagic in 87.5% dogs and non-haemorrhagic in 12.5% dogs), vomition (haemorrhagic in 8.33% dogs and non-haemorrhagic in 91.67% dogs), anorexia, dehydration, increased body temperature (102.94 ± 0.16 º F), respiration rate (38.10 ± 2.06 per min) and heart rate (111.56 ± 3.46 per min). Leucopenia (4.92 ± 0.49 × 103/µl) and decreased haemoglobin (9.78 ± 0.33 g/dl) were prominent haematological findings. Biochemically, hypoproteinaemia (4.69 ± 0.13 g/dl), hyponatraemia (128.92 ± 2.37 mmol/l), hypokalaemia (3.58 ± 0.10 mmol/l) and hypochloraemia (94.55 ± 4.48 mmol/l) were observed. Creatine Phosphokinase-MB isoenzymic activity was 4 times higher (462.42 ± 32.11 IU/L) in ailing dogs as compared to healthy ones (117.5 ± 9.81 IU/L). Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Streptococcus spp. were the major associated bacterial infections. The bacterial isolates had maximum sensitivity to ofloxacin (100%), thereafter to enrofloxacin and gentamicin (85.41% each). All the isolates were resistant to metronidazole. Parasitologically, 10.42% (5/48) dogs were found positive for mild (+) infection of Toxocara canis. Scanvet kit was found to have 95.8% sensitivity to diagnose the parvo virus infection in dogs. Extensive fluid therapy along with B-complex was essential for early recovery of diseased dogs. Antibiotic (Cephtriaxone + Tazobactem) along with antiviral (Oseltamivir) and immunomodulators (Selenium and Vitamin E) treatment regimen was found to be most efficacious.
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