Soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) Seed Coat Pigments and their Antioxidant Properties
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Date
2016-06
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were carried out at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2015-16 to evaluate the soybean genotypes for phenol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in the seeds and seed coat of ten soybean genotypes. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three vegetable (AGS-447, AGS-459 and AGS-460) and six grain soybean genotypes (Kalitur, DSb-21, DSM, KHSb-2, DB-Local, DSb-15 and JS-335).
The field data revealed a wide genotypic variation with respect to various morphological, phenological, physiological, yield and quality parameters. The vegetative phases (V1-V3) were significantly longer by 4-5 days in vegetable type than in grain type. In contrast the reproductive phases of vegetable types were early by 5-6 days. Overall yield was higher in grain type than in vegetable type. Among the grain type, JS-335 (yellow) and Kalitur (black) reordered significantly higher yield with moderate to high plant height, number of branches and photosynthetic rate. Yield attributes like number of pods, number of seeds with longer duration of seed filling also contributed for higher yield in grain soybean.
The data on the quality parameters viz., seed protein, seed oil, seed and seed coat phenol and anthocyanin contents were found higher in black seeded genotypes. A positive correlation between antioxidant activity, contents of total phenols and anthocyanins were existed. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of black varieties (DB-Local and DSM) with higher total phenols and anthocyanin contents. Black soybean genotypes also exhibited a higher antifungal activity when compared to the yellow soybean. Hence, soybean is not only a good source of protein and oil but also good source of phenol and anthocyanin which have biological activity. It is inferred from the study that black soybean could be promoted as multipurpose soybean with industrial and nutritional value.