CLOACAL CARRIAGE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILING OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN BROILER CHICKEN
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Date
2021-12-30
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR
Abstract
In the current scenario, foodborne diseases act as a major challenge to the
public health, which accounts for high morbidity and mortality in man. The
present study was undertaken to determine cloacal carriage and antimicrobial
resistance profiling of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli and
S. Enteritidis in broiler chicken from Kollam and Kottayam districts. The study
was conducted over a period of one year from October 2019 to November 2020.
Conventional culture techniques followed by PCR confirmation were used to
find the occurrence of E. coli and S. Enteritidis. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of
the positive isolates were studied using disc diffusion assay and further
molecular confirmation carried out by targeting ß-lactamase resistance genes.
The conventional culture techniques revealed an overall occurrence of E.
coli and Salmonella spp. in 77.8 and 9.3 per cent samples of broiler chicken
respectively, from both districts. Statistical analysis showed no significant
difference (p >0.05) between the occurrence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in
cloacal samples of broiler chicken by culture techniques from Kollam and
Kottayam districts. The samples which were subjected to conventional culture
techniques were further analysed for PCR confirmation. An overall occurrence
of 61.8, 7.8 and 3.3 per cent were confirmed for E. coli (uidA), Salmonella spp.
(invA) and S. Enteritidis (sen) respectively, by PCR from both districts. In this
study, occurrence of PCR confirmed E. coli and S. Enteritidis isolate in broiler
chicken from Kollam and Kottayam differ significantly (p0.05) noticed during the analysis of PCR confirmed
Salmonella spp. isolates between Kollam and Kottayam districts.
All the PCR confirmed E. coli and S. Enteritidis isolates from both Kollam
and Kottayam districts were subjected to antibiotic resistance profiling against
ß-lactam group of antibiotics by disc diffusion assay. The study revealed that
19.02 per cent E. coli isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin followed
by ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefixime
and cefoxitin. Whereas, S. Enteritidis isolates showed 15.38 per cent resistance to ampicillin followed by 7.69 per cent resistance to ceftriaxone. The MAR
index of E. coli isolates was found to be same (0.47) for samples from Kollam
and Kottayam districts, whereas for S. Enteritidis isolates 0.13 for samples from
Kollam and zero for samples from kottayam.
Study on antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli by PCR revealed that, 42.72
and 5.83 per cent out of the 103 ß-lactam antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates
recorded genotypic resistance to blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes respectively. None
of the isolates were positive for the presence of blaMOX and blaKPC resistance
genes. Similiarly, out of the eight ß-lactam antibiotic resistant S. Enteritidis
isolates, the study revealed that 25 per cent showed presence of blaTEM gene,
none of the isolates showed genotypic resistance to blaCTX-M, blaMOX and blaKPC
genes.
The results of the present study demonstrate that, poultry act as a potential
source of E. coli and S. Enteritidis. The study also highlighted an occurrence of
antibiotic resistance against ß-lactam antibiotics. The indiscriminate use of
antibiotics in animal, humans and other allied sectors are the major factor
contributing for antimicrobial resistance. A coordinated surveillance systems is
necessary to report the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among these
zoonotic pathogens to elucidate prevention and control strategies. A multifaceted
One Health approach can combat foodborne diseases as well as antimicrobial
resistance. This include collaborative approach by various disciplines including
human medicine, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, environmental specialist,
public health institutes and epidemiological surveillance agencies. A coordinated
approach of these disciplines are significant to prevent or control foodborne
diseases as well as antimicrobial resistance.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Master of Veterinary Science in Veterinary Public Health