STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) IN ACID LIME.

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dc.contributor.advisorRAMAKRISHNA RAO, A
dc.contributor.authorJAHNAVI, M
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-15T08:28:42Z
dc.date.available2018-05-15T08:28:42Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionD5333en_US
dc.description.abstractThe study entitled “Studies on morphological, taxonomic and molecular variations and management of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in acid lime" with field experiments was conducted during April 2015-March 2016 at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Fruits (Citrus), Tirupati to document the seasonal incidence of citrus butterfly and their management. Laboratory studies pertaining to molecular characterization of citrus butterfly and morphological, taxonomical characters were undertaken at Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The studies on seasonal incidence of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. on acid lime revealed that maximum temperature (-0.385) showed negative significant association and evening relative humidity (0.497) showed positive significant association with butterfly larval population in citrus during 2015-16. Regression analysis of the citrus butterfly incidence during April 2015-March 2016 indicated that all the weather parameters i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours and wind speed together influenced citrus butterfly incidence to the extent of 48.5 per cent (R2=0.485) and regression equation models developed were Y = -41.152 -(1.068) Max Temp -(0.688) Min Temp + (0.002) Mor RH + (0.381) Eve RH + (0.030) Rf + (1.227) Rd - (0.347) Ssh + (0.585) Ws respectively. Morphological and taxonomic studies of citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. were carried out on acid lime. The mean duration of the different stages viz., the egg period of 2.87 days, larval period of 17.53 days, pre-pupal period of 1.04 days, pupal period of 9.01 days, female adult longevity period of 6.75 days and male longevity period of 3.81 days respectively. Fertilised adult female laid single eggs which were creamy yellow, flattened at the base, smooth and spherical in outline. During the period of larval development, five instars were observed. The newly hatched caterpillars were less spiny, cylindrical in shape, light brown to brownish black with dirty white marking on the dorsal side of the abdomen and resembled the bird droppings in appearance. At fourth instar larvae, it had two red coloured sacs or osmeteria opening in the first thoracic segment dorsally at the anterior position. The pupa was initially green in colour and at the time of adult emergence it turned to brown colour. The adult fore wings were black. At the outer edge there was a chain of yellow spots. Next to the body there were four chains of little yellow spots. There were some other yellow spots at the rest of the wing. The underside of P. demoleus was very similar to the upperside. Next to the body there were four yellow lines. The hind wings of P. demoleus were black. The edge was wavy. Next to the body the wing was spotted by yellow scales. The wing was dominated by a broad, yellow band. This band contained a big eye. At the outer edge there were five yellow spots. At the inner edge there was a red eye-spot. The underside is similar to the upside. Tail on hind wing vein M3 was rudimentary or very short, less than twice as long as those of neighbouring veins. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a rapid and sensitive technique in genetic diversity analysis of insect pests. Fifteen arbitrary primers (OPA 01, 05, 07, 13, 14, 15 OPC 08, 15 OPE 02, 06, 08 OPAA 16 OPAB 11, 12 and 18) were used for RAPD analysis and generated scorable PCR products by amplifying the template DNA with Taq polymerase. The RAPD products generated a total of 162 fragments with an average of 10.8 fragments per primer and the fragments were found 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of polymorphic bands (12) were obtained with primer OPE-02, OPE-08 and minimum number (6) were obtained with primer OPAB-18 and OPA-14. OPA-01, 05, 07, 13, 15; OPC 15; OPAB 11, 12, 18 showed 100 per cent polymorphism, OPC 15 exhibited 92.30 per cent polymorphism, OPC 08 depicted 90.90 per cent polymorphism, OPA 14 and OPE 08 displayed 85.71 per cent polymorphism, OPE 06 showed 80 per cent polymorphism and OPAA 16 exhibited 70 per cent polymorphism. The similarity index values obtained for each pair wise comparision among the 9 citrus butterfly population (C1, C2, C3, N1, N2, N3, K1, K2 and K3) based on 162 RAPD fragments ranged from 250bp to 3.0kb. The maximum genetic similarity value was 0.730 between K3 and K1 followed by 0.679 between C3 and C2. The lowest genetic similarity value of 0.318 was found between citrus population of K2 and N2. Generation of higher number of markers or alleles in the present study indicated higher amount of genetic diversity among different populations of citrus butterfly. Among the fifteen primers, nine primers showed 100 per cent polymorphism with OPA-01, 05, 07, 13, 15, OPC 15, OPAB 11, 12, 18 in citrus butterfly population of Chittoor, Nellore and Kadapa districts. The evaluation of insecticides as foliar spray for the management of citrus butterfly and the data showed flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.2 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.2g/l, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.37 ml/l, thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.0 g/l and methomyl 40 SP@ 2g/l showed superiority over rest of the treatments and were on par with each other after 21 days of sprayings. Hence, it could be concluded that spraying of flubendiamide 480SC @ 0.2 ml/l, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 0.2g/l, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.37 ml/l, thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.0 g/l and methomyl 40 SP@ 2g/l could be recommended to the farmers for effective management of the citrus butterfly larval population.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810045599
dc.keywordsSTUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC, MOLECULAR VARIATIONS, MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE), ACID LIME.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.pages135en_US
dc.publisherAcharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Gunturen_US
dc.research.problemSTUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) IN ACID LIME.en_US
dc.subEntomologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeSTUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) IN ACID LIME.en_US
dc.these.typeM.Scen_US
dc.titleSTUDIES ON MORPHOLOGICAL, TAXONOMIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS BUTTERFLY, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) IN ACID LIME.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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