STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY USING AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)
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Date
2018-06
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The research endeavour entitled “Studies on genetic diversity using agro-morphological and
molecular markers in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was executed in the Research Sub-Station,
Berthin, Bilaspur during the rabi 2017-18 with the goal to investigate the diversity present in the
twenty-five chickpea genotypes. These genotypes were evaluated for various agro-morphological
traits like days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of
secondary branches per plant, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds
per pod, days to maturity, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index, 100-seed weight, protein content
and seed yield per plant. Genetic diversity was assessed using sixteen SSR primers distributed evenly
throughout the nuclear genome at Chickpea Genomic centre, ICRISAT, Hyderabad.
Analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes for all
the traits under the study except number of nodes per plant. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of
variation were found to be higher for the number of primary branches, 100-seed weight and seed yield
per plant. Moderate GCV and PCV were observed for plant height, number of secondary branches,
number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biomass yield and harvest index. Low GCV and
PCV were observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and protein content. High
heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for 100-seed weight; whereas high
heritability with moderate genetic advance was found for protein content. Moderate heritability with
high genetic advance was observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary
branches per plant and seed yield per plant. Correlation studies revealed seed yield per plant had
positive and significant association with number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight, whereas
negative and significant association was found with number of seeds per pod and protein content. Path
analysis revealed direct positive effect of 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant and negative
effect of number of seeds per pod and protein content with seed yield per plant. Selection index traits
for increasing seed yield per plant are 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, biomass yield and
number of primary branches. Mahalanobis D2 statistics had grouped the twenty-five chickpea
genotypes into 3 clusters with cluster I containing twenty three genotypes followed by cluster II and
cluster III containing one genotype each. Sixteen SSR primer pair amplified 1 to 3 alleles in each
genotypes with the amplicon size ranging from 130 bp to 267 bp. Neighbour joining cluster analysis
grouped the twenty-four chickpea accessions to 3 groups with cluster I having thirteen genotypes,
followed by cluster II and cluster III having eight and three accessions, respectively. Based on
morphological and genetic diversity, the cross between desi genotypes ICC 10835, P-113, ICC 9702,
L-81 and HPC-1 and kabuli genotypes PG0027 and ICCV 98818 will yield superior segregants.
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