PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION IN DOGS FROM CENTRAL COASTAL DISTRICTS, ANDHRA PRADESH WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE
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Date
2019-02
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Coprological examination was used to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal
parasites in dogs from central coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India for a period of one year. On examination of faecal samples of 1907 dogs, an overall prevalence of 52.2 per cent was observed. Dogs harbouring one parasite was more common (49.7%) than those harbouring two (2.5%). The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma caninum followed by Toxocara canis, Cystoisospora ohioensis, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Capillaria aerophila, Diphyllobothrium latum, C. canis, Entamoeba spp., Trichuris vulpis and Cryptosporidium spp. The overall prevalence was high (P<0.001) in young dogs (71.1%) than that in adult dogs (28.0%). The infection with helminth parasites (P<0.001) and co-infections (P<0.01) were more frequently found in young dogs. Ancylostoma caninum, T. canis, T. leonina, D. caninum, and Cystoisopora spp. were significantly more prevalent in young dogs. However, the prevalence of all the parasite species showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing age. Statistically there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between prevalence of parasites and sex, breed and medium of dogs. The prevalence of GI parasitic infection was significantly (P<0.001) high in stray dogs (65.9%) owing to higher prevalence of T. canis, D. latum, C. aerophila and C. canis.
The prevalence of A. caninum (31.6%) was highly significant (P<0.001) in pet dogs. Statistically significant (P<0.01) relationship between the season and prevalence of parasites was observed in the study area, the infection being more prevalent during rainy season (62.4%) than that in winter (54.4%) and summer (39.9%). The prevalence of T. canis was significantly (P<0.001) high during rainy season whereas A. caninum, D. caninum and C. canis showed statistically significant higher prevalence during winter season. Zoonotic risk factors for canine GI parasitic infection were assessed by obtaining information viz. origin/owner’s address, age, sex, breed, living condition of the dog, history of anthelmintic usage and owner’s awareness on zoonoses from the pet and kennel owners in the form of questionnaire. The analysis revealed that the owners from study region are unaware about parasite, its mode of transmission, prophylactic medication and control. The living condition of the dogs, age, season and lack of zoonotic awareness of owners were identified as risk factors for different parasitic infection using binary logistic regression. The higher prevalence of zoonotic species in dogs in the studied region, associated with unawareness of the owners regarding parasitic zoonoses indicated that the risk of
zoonotic infection by canine intestinal parasite may be high. Further egg hatch assay was used to evaluate the efficacy of thiabendazole in the treatment of canine ancylostomosis using A. caninum eggs isolated from naturally infected dogs. The results of the EHA revealed highly significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effect on egg hatching rates with thiabendazole (LD50 = 0.0049 μg/mL) reflecting benzimidazoles high effectiveness.
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