STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF UDDER MORPHOLOGY, METHOD OF MILKING AND HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MILKING CHARACTERISTICS, UDDER HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF MURRAH BUFFALOES
| dc.contributor.advisor | Sudhakar, K(MAJOR) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Raghava Rao, E | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ramesh Gupta, B | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Mahendar, M | |
| dc.contributor.author | Maruthivara Prasad, R | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-10-27T06:54:33Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-10-27T06:54:33Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009-05 | |
| dc.description | THESES | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT: An investigation was undertaken to study the influence of udder morphology, method of milking and housing systems on the milk yield, udder health and behaviour in Murrah buffaloes. In this study Murrah buffaloes maintained at the Buffalo Research Station, Venkataramannagudem, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University and in the field were utilized. A total of 200 buffaloes were considered to study the udder and teat morphology with 100 buffaloes each from research station and field. The individual behavioural responses of Murrah buffaloes in different lactations and effect of method of milking on teat condition, milk flow traits, udder health and milk composition was also studied. A comparative study on the milk yield and the maintenance behaviour was also studied in two different housing systems viz., conventional tie stall and loose housing. The results showed that among the different udder shapes, the bowl shapes were very common followed by globular, pendulous and goaty shapes and their occurrences were 61.0 %, 17.0 %, 13.0 % and 9.0 %, respectively, and the occurrence of cylindrical teats was maximum with a percentage of 52.5 followed by pear, bottle, conical and funnel type of teats with 18.0, 11.0, 10.5 and 8.0% respectively. The mean length, width and depth of the udder in different lactations ranged from 52.21 ± 0.61 to 55.71 ± 0.59, 48.61 ± 0.60 to 53.87 ± 0.70 and 15.46 ± 0.17 to 15.78 ± 0.18 cm, respectively. Positive and significant correlations were observed among all the udder measurements. The average length of left fore, right fore, left hind and right hind teats were 7.37 ± 0.15, 7.53 ± 0.16, 8.23 ± 0.18 and 8.12 ± 0.17 cm, respectively, and the mean diameters in the same order were 2.65 ± 0.02, 2.71 ± 0.03, 2.80 ± 0.03 and 2.89 ± 0.04 cm. The average daily milk yield in Murrah buffaloes with various udder shapes observed was 6.41 ± 0.33, 5.91 ± 0.26, 5.61 ± 0.32 and 6.31 ± 0.16 Kg in bowl, globular, goaty and pendulous type of udders, respectively. It was found that the average daily milk yield in buffaloes with cylindrical shaped teats was highest followed by bottle, funnel, pear and conical shaped teats. Out of the total buffaloes, the occurrence of different temperaments were 53.5, 16.0, 15.5, 9.5 and 5.5 percent for docile, slightly restless, restless, aggressive and nervous temperaments, respectively and neither the udder shape nor the teat shape affected the temperament of the buffaloes. It was observed that the restless and slightly restless buffaloes were more frequent in primiparous buffaloes (35.18 and 33.33 %, respectively) followed by docile (24.07 %), aggressive and nervous type (3.7% each). In the buffaloes under second, third and fourth lactations, docile buffaloes were more frequent (73.33, 57.40 and 59.37 %, respectively) when compared to other temperaments. It was observed that kicking (16.4 %), urination (4.8 %) and vocalization (4.4 %) were more frequent in machine milked buffaloes where as the stepping (46.8%) and defecation (2.4%) were more frequent in hand milked buffaloes. However, forceful throwing of head behaviour was equally frequent in both methods of milking (12 %). The machine milked buffaloes had a better teat condition score in the present study. The percentage of machine milked buffaloes with the teat condition of smooth skin (1.0), slight drying of the skin (1.5), dried skin (2.0), dry skin with cracks (2.5) and cracks with chaps (3.0) were 34, 17, 30, 13 and 6 %, respectively, whereas the number of buffaloes in the same order under hand milking were16, 2, 52, 27 and 3 %, respectively. The average evening milk yield of buffaloes under machine and hand milking was 3.62 ± 0.08 kg and 3.51± 0.08 kg, respectively. The mean percentages of milk fat, SNF and total solids under machine and hand milking were 6.01± 0.08 vs 6.57 ± 0.09, 9.19 ± 0.10 vs 8.79 ± 0.10 and 14.80 ± 0.13 vs 15.36 ± 0.13 %, respectively. The stripping time and the total milking time were higher in hand milking while the strip yield and average flow rate were higher in machine milking. In the present study, it was found that there was no significant difference in the somatic cell count of buffalo milk under machine and hand milking. The milk yield in the present study was higher in loose housing (8.12 ± 0.02 Kg) when compared to conventional housing (7.77 ± 0.02 Kg). The cleanliness score was higher in loose housing system (2.80 ± 0.05) compared to that of conventional housing (2.41 ± 0.05). More number of buffaloes had shown the lameness in the conventional system of housing. Out of 12 buffaloes observed for behavioural patterns, 36.48, 62.95, 44.90, 25.05 and 26.10 percent were found lying, standing, feeding idling and ruminating, respectively under conventional housing system while 47.29, 50.24, 37.91, 36.29 and 26.10 percent were observed for same behavioural patterns under loose housing system and the differences between the two housing systems were found to be statistically significant for lying, standing and idling behaviours. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810082348 | |
| dc.keywords | MURRAH BUFFALOES;INFLUENCE ; UDDER MORPHOLOGY; MILKING;HOUSING SYSTEMS; MILKING CHARACTERISTICS;UDDER HEALTH;BEHAVIOUR; | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 202 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Livestock Production and Management | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF UDDER MORPHOLOGY, METHOD OF MILKING AND HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MILKING CHARACTERISTICS, UDDER HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF MURRAH BUFFALOES | en_US |
| dc.these.type | Ph.D | en_US |
| dc.title | STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF UDDER MORPHOLOGY, METHOD OF MILKING AND HOUSING SYSTEMS ON MILKING CHARACTERISTICS, UDDER HEALTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF MURRAH BUFFALOES | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |