Clinicopathological studies of nanoalumina in wistar rats
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Date
2019-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the clinicopathological responses of nanoalumina in Wistar rats in a repeated dose study for 90 days. The experiment design consisted of 35 Wistar randomly divided into 2 groups; GI as control group with 20 rats and GII as treatment group with 15 rats. Rats of GII group were gavaged with 6 mg/kg BW of nanoalumina per day from day 0 till 90 DPT. Upon routine observation of rats, rats were found to be active with good feeding response. There was decrease in the weight gain in the treated group. Haematological examination demonstrated increase in total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and decrease in haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Biochemical examination demonstrated increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) whereas there was decrease in total protein (TP), albumin, globulin and cholesterol value. Immunological examination demonstrated increase in T cell blastogenesis, HI titre and ELISA. Grossly, treatment group revealed cyst on the surface of liver, emphysematous lungs and brain was congested. Histopathologically, in nanoalumina treated rats, liver showed congestion in central vein, sinusoidal dilatation and congestion, mononuclear cells infiltration, hepatic disarray, degeneration and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes. Kidney revealed segmentation of glomerulus, glomerulitis with loss of bowman’s space, mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis and narrowing of tubular lumen. Spleen revealed lymphoid depletion initially and lymphoid hyperplasia in later stages. Thymus revealed congestion, necrosis and depletion of lymphoid tissue. Brain revealed gliosis, perivascular cuffing and neural degeneration and presence of vacuolation. Lungs revealed emphysema, atelectasis and thickening of interalveolar septa with mononuclear cell infiltration. Heart revealed haemorrhage and necrosis of muscle fibres. Intestine revealed catarrhal inflammation and sloughing of villous epithelium. Testis revealed haemorrhage, distortion of seminiferous tubules and abnormal spermatid. Upon transmission electron micrography, liver and kidney revealed nanoalumina deposition in mitochondria and lysosomes with swelling and degeneration of mitochondria with loss of cristae and thickening of basal lamina of kidney tubules. Results of present study concluded that nanoalumina had no observable effect on rat behaviour and rats had normal appetite. It caused an elevation in RBC count with reduction in the average size and haemoglobin content of the erythrocytes. The increase in the biochemistry parameters indicated hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity which was further supported by the
histopathological changes in the organs. Nanoalumina has immunopotentiating action on T and B cell population. Pathomorphological studies indicated that nanoalumina gets accumulated in various organelles and induces structural alterations in the various organs. Thus it can be said that nanoalumina at the dose of 6mg/kg BW when gavaged for 90 days causes pathological alterations in the exposed rats.
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