PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE COMMONLY OCCURRING DISEASES IN BOVINE CALVES
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Date
2017-11-06
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the etiolpathology
responsible for bovine calf mortality in Himachal Pradesh. A total of 41 nasal swabs and
185 faecal samples were collected from dead, clinically sick and non-clinical (healthy)
animals. Necropsy of 30 calves (17 Males, 13 Females) of various age groups (< 1M, 1-
3M, 3-6M, 6-9M and 9-12M) was performed during August, 2015 to April, 2016. The
pneumo-enteritis was the major cause of death in 63% of calves. Grossly,out of 30 calves,
8(26.6%), 8 (26.6%), 3 (10%) and 4 (13.3%) calves showed bronchopneumonia, interstitial
pneumonia, pulmonary congestion and pulmonary congestion and edema respectively.
However, 2(6.67 %) and 20 (66.7%) animals showed haemorrhagic enteritis and catarrhal
enteritis respectively. Histopathologically, in bronchopneumonia cases, the bronchioles
and the alveolar lumen were filled with polymorphonuclear cells. Staphylococcus aureus
was isolated from the lungs showing sub-acute to chronic abscesses, whereas, in interstitial
pneumonia thickening of inter-alveolar septa due to mononuclearcells infiltration,
hyperplasia of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium with peribronchial and
peribronchiolar lymphoid proliferation. Intestine revealed presence of macroschizonts and
microschizonts of coccidian with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Shortening and fusion
of villi, desquamation and sloughing of villi, apoptosis and necrosis with infiltration of
inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa indicative of viral induced enteritis.The
serotype (O7, 088 and O118) were isolated from necropsy cases and major parasite
wasEimeriabovis(28 % in clinically sick, 17.55 % in healthy and 3.44 % in dead calves)
followed by Strongyloides eggs (20.6 % in dead and 3.81% in healthycalves) and
Neoascaris vitulorum (8%) in clinically sick calves. This is also suggestive that parasitism
is also responsible for playing important role in calf mortality.Ciprofloxacin was found to
be the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Gentamicin and Oxytetracycline was the most
resistant drug. The present study revealed that pneumo-enteritis is the major cause of calf
mortality with its peak occurrence at 6-9 months of age group.
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