INFLUENCE OF PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHYLOTROPHIC (PPFM) BACTERIA AND Pseudomonas flourescens ON BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo L.) UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
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Date
2019
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic bacteria (PPFM) can enhance plant growth under drought conditions by production of exopolysaccharides and ACC deaminase enzyme activity. In the present study 24 PPFMs were isolated from rhizosphere soils and phyllosphere samples from rice, cotton, maize, redgram, greengram and blackgram crop areas and were tested for biochemical characteristics. Out of 24 isolates, all the isolates were positive for oxidase, catalase, starch hydrolysis, citrate utilization, Thirteen isolates were positive for urease and indole production test and none of the isolates shown positive for casein and voge’s proskauer test. These isolates were further characterized for PGPR activities like phosphate solubilization, IAA production, HCN production and siderophore production.
Among 24 isolates, three isolates KNPP (433.33%), KKBL(371.42 %) and GRBS(262.5 %) were shown highest for phosphate solubilization. Two isolates KNPP (++) and GRBS (++) were shown strongest IAA production. Three isolates KNPP (+++), KKN (+++) and KNN(+++) were shown strongest production for siderophores. All the 24 isolates were screened for antagonistic effect against Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum isolate KNPP shown highest Zone of inhibition (ZOI) (11.1mm) and (19.1mm)
All the 24 isolates were tested for drought tolerance activity among these isolates KNPP (61.7mg), GRBP (57.6mg) and GRCF1 (54.1mg) shown high exopolysaccharide production. Two isolates KNPP (+++), GRBS (+++) shown strong response to ACC deaminase activity. For PEG 6000 test at 20% concentration three isolates GRBS (0.02 OD), KNPP and EKAF3 (0.01 OD) were considered efficient.
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Pot experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of KNPP isolate and Pseudomonas flourescens on growth and yield of blackgram under drought conditions. Results revealed that all microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria) and PPFM population were found highest in T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P.flourescens) and P.flourescens population was found highest in T6 (PPFM+ Seed treatment + P.flourescens) at flowering stage of blackgram. pH was highest in T10 (KNPP+Soil application+25 % ASM+P.flourescens) and gradually decreased in the inoculated treatments. EC was highest in T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P.flourescens) at flowering stage of blackgram.
Organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents of the soil was highest in the treatment T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P. flourescens) 1.43 %, 218.35, 61.31 and 268.58 kg ha-1 of soil respectively at flowering stage of blackgram. Dehydrogenase, phosphatases both acidic and alkaline and urease enzyme activity were significantly higher at flowering stage in the treatment T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P. flourescens) 82.25 μg of TPF g-1 of soil d-1, 35.65, 54.90 μg pNP g-1 of soil h-1 and 85.27 μg NH4+ g-1 of soil h-1 respectively.
The plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield(kg ha-1), seed yield (g/pot) was significantly highest in the treatment T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P.flourescens) 34.87 cm, 13, 39, 25, 5, 5.05g, 2200(kg ha-1), 15.94g respectively. N, P, K content of blackgram seed and stover were also found highest in the treatment T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P.flourescens) 3.24 %, 0.25 % and 1.41 % respectively in seed and 1.26 %, 0.34 % and 1.96 % respectively in stover.
The results of this study clearly showed that combined application of KNPP and P. flourescens in T9 (KNPP+ phyllosphere spray+75 % ASM+ P. flourescens) significantly improved the microbial population, available NPK in soil, soil enzyme activities growth and yield of blackgram in receding soil moisture conditions compared to control . Hence these isolates can be developed into effective biofertilizers either singly or in combination with other efficient biofertilizers as these are cost effective and eco-friendly in nature.
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D5777
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