INFLUENCE OF INERT MINERALS AND BOTANICALS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PULSE BEETLE, Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
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Date
2022-08-10
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guntur
Abstract
The present investigation on “Influence of inert minerals and botanicals on growth and survival rate of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)” was carried out in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla during 2020-21.
The effect of inert minerals and botanicals like diatomaceous earth, china clay, paddy husk ash, cow dung ash, coal ash, sand, alluvial soil, sweet flag powder, neem kernel powder, neem leaf powder and spinosad (insecticide check) against pulse beetle was studied. The bioassay of the inert minerals and botanicals was done on one day old adult beetles by jute cloth disc method and by mixing them with blackgram seeds.
By jute cloth disc impregnation method, the lowest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for spinosad (0.25 and 2.52 mg cm-2) and diatomaceous earth (0.78 and 5.02 mg cm-2) at 3 DAT. The highest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for alluvial soil (12.25 and 38.18 mg cm-2). Among botanicals the lowest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for sweet flag powder (1.25 and 6.12 mg cm-2) and the highest for neem leaf powder (3.77 and 13.98 mg cm-2). By mixing with seed, the lowest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for spinosad (1.15 and 7.25 mg per 50 g) and diatomaceous earth (21 and 30 mg per 50 g) at 7 DAT. The highest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for alluvial soil (991 and 4020 mg per 50 g). Among the botanicals, the lowest LD50 and LD90 values were recorded for sweet flag powder (24 and 32 mg per 50 g) and the highest for neem leaf powder (396 and 797 mg per 50 g).
Similarly, by jute cloth disc method and mixing with seed method at effective dose (LD90) the lowest LT50 was recorded for spinosad (29.40 and 33.16 h) and diatomaceous earth (32.77 and 35.02 h). The highest LT50 was recorded for alluvial soil (60.57 and 88.94 h). Among the botanicals, the lowest LT50 was recorded for sweet flag powder (36.55 and 40.68 h) and the highest for neem kernel powder (40.67 and 49.17 h).
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The highest co-toxicity co-efficient of inert minerals in combination with spinosad by jute cloth disc method and mixing with seed method was recorded for diatomaceous earth (433.33 and 150, respectively). Among botanicals, the highest co-toxicity co-efficient was recorded for sweet flag powder (403.22 and 141.17, respectively).
The influence of effective inert minerals and botanicals on growth and development of C. maculatus was tested at LD50 values in comparison with the spinosad and the untreated control in three replications by mixing with seed. The number of eggs laid were minimum (5.33 eggs) for 50 g blackgram seeds treated with spinosad and diatomaceous earth (12.00 eggs) followed by sweet flag powder (18.38 eggs) against 54.00 eggs in untreated control. There was no significant difference between treatments and untreated control w.r.t day of first adult emergence and mean development period of C. maculatus. The per cent adult emergence and growth index of C. maculatus in blackgram seeds treated with spinosad were 10.36% and 0.25, respectively and for diatomaceous earth were 21.06% and 0.54, respectively which were significantly the lowest values when compared to untreated control (86.03% and 2.68). The total number of adults emerged from the main sample was less in spinosad treated seeds (80.33 adults) followed by diatomaceous earth (135.33 adults) and sweet flag powder (249.07 adults) against untreated control (751.67 adults).
The per cent seed damage was less (8.66%) and no weight loss was observed in spinosad treated seeds. Diatomaceous earth recorded less per cent seed damage and per cent weight loss (18.01 and 3.66%) followed by sweet flag powder (29.16 and 11.12%) as against control (79.33 and 21.10%). The seed viability and germination percentage was more in spinosad (92.11 and 92.11%) and diatomaceous earth (82.11 and 82.09%) followed by sweet flag powder (71.22 and 71.24%) treated seeds as against control (23.16 and 23.66%).
Description
INFLUENCE OF INERT MINERALS AND BOTANICALS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PULSE BEETLE, Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)