Value addition of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) fibres through dyeing with synthetic and natural dyes
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Date
2013-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The growing ecological consciousness and limited land availability for cultivation of fibre yielding crops have pressed researchers to explore under-utilized and new natural resources that could offer textile fibres for numerous end uses both technical and aesthetic. The hills of Himalayas and Tarai region of Kumaon are endowed with indigenous flora rich in natural fibres due to favourable climatic conditions. Some of these plants are bhimal, bhindi, bhang, rambans, bichu grass, shahtoot, timla, banana and oak used by the local masses for fibre extraction and its usage for manufacturing household items. One such unconventional plant source of textile fibre is dhaincha. Dhaincha is a green manure crop used prior to paddy cultivation and is also one of the valuable medicinal herbs. Botanically, this plant is known as Sesbania aculeata and by common names as danchi, dhaincha, dunchi, danicha. This plant belongs to leguminacea family. This harsh, coarse and shiny fibre has potential to find use in the different sectors. The present study was, therefore, planned to explore the use of dhaincha fibre in home textiles. Value addition of dhaincha fibres were done through dyeing with five synthetic dyes namely reactive, sulphur, vat, direct, and azoic and five natural dyes namely, Rubia cardifolia, Acacia catechu, Punica granatum, Indigofera tinctoria, and Curcuma longa. Optimization of M: L ratio and dyeing time was done prior to application of dyes on the fibres. Further the effect of dyes on physical properties of dhaincha fibre was assessed. Also the fastness of dyed dhaincha fibre was tested against washing, rubbing and light. Finally non woven fabric was prepared by needle punching method for product development It was found that the fibres could be dyed easily with natural and synthetic dyes. The dyed fibres exhibited high to medium colour strength. The fastness ranged from fair to very good against washing; very good to excellent against rubbing and poor to good against light. The dyeing of fibres affected the physical properties too. The moisture regain of the fibres improved effectively on dyeing with both the types of dyes. Non woven fabric was prepared by needle punching loom and fabric was utilized to make hand fan, magazine holder and table mat to showcase the possible use of dhaincha non woven for home textiles and travel utilities in vehicles.
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