Studies on Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) and Chickpea Rust [Uromyces ciceris-arietini (Grognot) Jacz. and Boy.]
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Date
2012
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UAS Dharwad
Abstract
The full potential of the soybean and chickpea is far from exploitation due to many
biotic and abiotic stresses. These include rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. in
soybean and Uromyces ciceris-arietini (Grognot) Jacz. and Boy in chickpea. The
investigations included survey, variability of pathogen, aerobiology, screening of genotypes,
yield loss estimation and integrated disease management for soybean rust. Further survey and
morphological variability of chickpea rust was also attempted.
Soybean rust was more severe in irrigated black soil in northern Karnataka. During
rabi 2010-11, the rust of chickpea appeared very late in the season in late sown irrigated
condition at Arabhavi. Chickpea rust appearance and severity is related to rainfall during the
month of December. Malic acid content on the leaf is responsible for resistance mechanism in
chickpea for rust. Ugarkhurd isolate was found to be different among 23 different isolates of
P. pachyrhiz with respect to size, shape and colour. RAPD data distinguished the 23 isolates
of soybean rust pathogen into two major clusters. ITS sequences of Dharwad and Bailhongal
isolate were highly similar. Aerobiological studies indicated fluctuation in uredospore
deposition at different stages of the crop growth. Perpetuation of P. pachyrhizi in the
uredinial stage occurs during the offseason. Detached leaf assay revealed only cowpea as
collateral host.
Severity (PDI) of the disease increased with delayed sowing and thereby drastic
reduction in grain yield and 100 seed weight. Among the genotypes DSb 21 exhibited highly
resistant reaction with high yield potential. Integrated disease management studies identified
the effective biorationals and fungicides. Adaptive Module is the most preferred module over
chemical and biointensive modules in integrated management of soybean rust