Biology and management of isoproturon-resistant Phalaris minor
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Date
2019-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to study the biology and management of isoproturon-resistant P. minor. For this investigation, field experiment as well as pot culture experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre and Department of Plant Physiology GBPU&T Pantnagar, respectively. The field experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments included (T1) Pendimethalin, (T2) Pendimethalin+Metribuzin, (T3) Pendimethalin+Metribuzin fb Mesosulfuron + Idosulfuron (RM), (T4) Pendimethalin+Metribuzin fb Clodinafop+Metsulfuron-mehtyl (RM), (T5) Pendimethalin fb Clodinafoppropargyl, (T6) Pendimethalin fb Clodinafop+Metsulfuron-mehtyl (RM), (T7) Pendimethalin fb Mesosulfuron+Idosulfuron (RM), (T8) Clodinafop+Metsulfuron-mehtyl (RM), (T9) Mesosulfuron+Idosulfuron (RM) and (T10) Weedy. In pot culture experiment, isoproturon-resistant P. minor was grown in pots. Different pre-emergence (Pendimethalin and Metribuzin) and post emergence herbicides (Clodinafop-propargyl, Sulfosulfuron, Metribuzin, Pinoxaden and Halauxifen methyl + Pyroxsulam) at different doses were evaluated for their efficacy to control P. minor. All the herbicides, used alone or in combination significantly reduced dry matter of P. minor during both the seasons. As Phalaris minor (grass weed) creates more competitive pressure on wheat than other weeds so that their effective control by these herbicides resulted in
high grain yield of wheat. In the pot culture experiment, increasing the doses of clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, pinoxaden and halauxifen methyl +pyroxsulam to 1.5X to 2.0X times their recommended doses, significantly increased their bioefficacy in controlling P. minor. A significant reduction in dry weight of P. minor was recorded in the herbicide treatments. Among the ACCase inhibitors, pinoxaden caused maximum growth reduction in Phalaris minor followed by clodinafop-propargyl. P. minor plants sprayed with metribuzin showed a very sharp decrease in Fv/Fm ratio as compared to control after 24 hours of spray even when there were no visible symptoms of herbicide injury. A significant increase was noted in the proline content of P. minor in all the herbicide treatments. MDA content was also significantly higher in all the treatments as compared to control. These indicated the stress level in P. Minor plants which indirectly prove the bioefficacy of the herbicides used in the study. It may be concluded from the present investigation that applications of alternative herbicides were found to be very effective in controlling the isoproturon-resistant P. minor. This study shows that isoproturon-resistant P. minor could be successfully controlled by using herbicides or their combination with different mechanism of action such as PSII, ACCase and ALS inhibitors. There was no adverse effect on wheat crop at recommended dose of the herbicides.
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