COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CRANIAL AND CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES OF INJECTION IN INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA

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dc.contributor.advisorGeorge Chandy
dc.contributor.authorKOUNDINYA U.
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-24T05:06:53Z
dc.date.available2020-07-24T05:06:53Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractThe clinical significance of cranial and caudal intramuscular sites of injection in Indian snakes using butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia was evaluated in 12 Indian Spectacled Cobras (Naja naja) which underwent routine health screening at the State Zoological Gardens, Thiruvananthapuram. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups of six each. Group I animals were anaesthetized using a combination of butorphanol and ketamine at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, intramuscularly at cranial one third of body (cranial to the heart). Group II animals were anaesthetized using combination of butorphanol and ketamine at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, intramuscularly at caudal one third of body. The mean±SE time taken for induction of anaesthesia in Group I snakes was 9.06±0.11 minutes and in Group II was 8.59±0.57 minutes. The mean±SE time taken for recovery from anaesthesia in Group I and Group II snakes was 18.47±0.41 and 18.54±0.46 hours, respectively. Increased heart rate was observed in snakes of both groups immediately after induction and respiratory rates were uniform throughout the period of anaesthesia. Increase in pH, glucose and lactate, and decrease in level of carbon dioxide were observed at the onset of anaesthetic phase, and the values were returning to normal towards the end of recovery. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values before anaesthesia and after recovery were found to be unaltered. All the haematological parameters were within normal range and did not differ significantly between groups. No complications were observed during the study. No difference was seen in the quality of induction, maintenance of anaesthesia or recovery periods in snakes of both groups. The study suggests that the renal portal system does not have any clinical significance and that both cranial and caudal sites for intramuscular injection of anaesthetic drugs can be recommended for snakes.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810149739
dc.keywordsCOMPARATIVE EVALUATION CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CRANIAL CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES INJECTION INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIAen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.pages79en_US
dc.publisherCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANADen_US
dc.research.problemCOMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CRANIAL AND CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES OF INJECTION IN INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIAen_US
dc.subVeterinary Surgery and Radiologyen_US
dc.subjectnullen_US
dc.themeCOMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CRANIAL AND CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES OF INJECTION IN INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIAen_US
dc.these.typeM.V.Sc.en_US
dc.titleCOMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CRANIAL AND CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES OF INJECTION IN INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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