COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CRANIAL AND CAUDAL INTRAMUSCULAR SITES OF INJECTION IN INDIAN SNAKES USING BUTORPHANOL - KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA
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Date
2018
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD
Abstract
The clinical significance of cranial and caudal intramuscular sites of
injection in Indian snakes using butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia was evaluated
in 12 Indian Spectacled Cobras (Naja naja) which underwent routine health
screening at the State Zoological Gardens, Thiruvananthapuram. The animals
were randomly allocated into two groups of six each. Group I animals were
anaesthetized using a combination of butorphanol and ketamine at the rate of 1.5
mg/kg and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively, intramuscularly at cranial one
third of body (cranial to the heart). Group II animals were anaesthetized using
combination of butorphanol and ketamine at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg
body weight, respectively, intramuscularly at caudal one third of body. The
mean±SE time taken for induction of anaesthesia in Group I snakes was
9.06±0.11 minutes and in Group II was 8.59±0.57 minutes. The mean±SE time
taken for recovery from anaesthesia in Group I and Group II snakes was
18.47±0.41 and 18.54±0.46 hours, respectively. Increased heart rate was observed
in snakes of both groups immediately after induction and respiratory rates were
uniform throughout the period of anaesthesia. Increase in pH, glucose and lactate,
and decrease in level of carbon dioxide were observed at the onset of anaesthetic
phase, and the values were returning to normal towards the end of recovery.
Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values before anaesthesia and after recovery
were found to be unaltered. All the haematological parameters were within normal
range and did not differ significantly between groups. No complications were
observed during the study. No difference was seen in the quality of induction,
maintenance of anaesthesia or recovery periods in snakes of both groups. The
study suggests that the renal portal system does not have any clinical significance
and that both cranial and caudal sites for intramuscular injection of anaesthetic
drugs can be recommended for snakes.
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