EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY AND PERSISTENCE OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BIOFERTILIZERS WITH MAIZE CROP
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Date
2016
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PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. HYDERABAD
Abstract
The beneficial microbes like phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are known to play an important role in supply phosphorous (P) to plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient soils. The mineral nutrition of plants mainly depends on soil P content that can be assimilated as a soluble phosphate. P is involved in all major metabolic processes in plants such as biosynthesis of macromolecules, energy transfer, photosynthesis, signal transduction and respiration. Keeping in view the importance of Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers an experiment entitled “Evaluation of efficiency and persistence of different Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers with maize crop” was conducted at Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bioenergy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Twenty four (24) phosphate solubilizing bacteria (i.e., sixteen Bacillus and eight Pseudomonas) isolated from Maize research station and college farm, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Telangana.
The isolated bacterial isolates (24) were screnned for solubilization of insoluble forms of phosphorus, zinc and potassium. The solubilization zone for phosphate ranged from 15.50 mm to 6.10 mm. The isolate PSB 6 showed maximum solubilization zone of 15.50 mm. The solubilization efficiency (%) ranged from 258.33 % to 114.28 % which was maximum for PSB 6 (258.33 %). The solubilization zone for zinc ranged from 14.00 mm to 6.40 mm. The isolates both PSB 6 and PSB 19 showed maximum solubilization zone of 14.00 mm. The solubilization efficiency (%) ranged from 233.30 % to 110.34 % which was maximum for PSB 6 (233.30 %). The solubilization zone for potassium ranged from 14.00 mm to 6.00 mm. The isolate PSB 11 showed maximum
solubilization zone of 14.00 mm. The solubilization efficiency (%) ranged from 280.00 % to 126.98 % which was maximum for PSB 11 (280.00 %).
All the phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates were checked for their purity and then studied for the morphological, cultural and biochemical characters. All the phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates were subjected to further study to understand their Plant Growth Promoting Properties (PGPR) under in vitro conditions. Pure isolates were screened for IAA production, exopolysacharide production, siderophore production and HCN production. The best performed isolates were further tested for their compatibility with the fungi in vitro, for efficient biofilm formation.
Persistency of Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers in soil was recorded at different growth stages viz., vegetative, flowering and harvesting stages of crop. There was an increasing trend followed from the vegetative to flowering stages and also a gradual decrease was observed from flowering stage towards harvesting stage. Similar trend was observed for all the treatments studied.
But significant counts were recorded in the treatment T7 (Carrier + Liquid + Biofilmed PSB biofertilizer) at vegetative (22.40x107cfu g-1), flowering (26.60x107cfu g-1) and at harvesting (22.03x107cfu g-1) respectively compared to all other treatments. High enzyme activity was observed at all the three growth stages for the T7 treatment, flowering stage being the highest for dehydrogenase (81.53 μg TPF d-1 g-1), acidic (123.00 μg p - nitro phenol g-1 h-1) and alkaline (146.20 μg p - nitro phenol g-1 h-1) phosphatase activity, urease (11.40 μg of NH4+-N 5g soil-1 2h-1) activity as a result of high persistency of PSB at this stage. This maximum enzyme activity increased plant growth, plant biomass and availability of nutrients.
The major outcome of this study was the Carrier + Liquid + Biofilmed PSB biofertilizer treated Maize (Zea mays) plants showed best performance in all the biological parameters measured than untreated and individual cultures
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Keywords
biofertilizers, bacteria, inorganic acid salts, planting, productivity, enzymes, biological development, fungi, acidity, crops