PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF HETEROSIS AND INDUCTION OF MALE STERILITY IN RABI SORGHUM
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Date
2005-06-20
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during rabi season 2000-01 and
2001-02 to study the heterosis for different phenological, physiological,
biochemical parameters, yield and yield components and induction of male
sterility by using gametocides in rabi sorghum. Investigations were carried
out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural
Sciences, Dharwad on medium black soil under rainfed conditions. The field
experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with
three replications.
The pooled analysis of experimental data of two years for various
parameters indicated that the hybrids and their parents differed significantly
with respect to phenological parameters. The hybrids 401A x DRR-3,
401A X DRR-2 and 117A x DRR-2 had less number of days to 50% flowering
and physiological maturity, while eight hybrids showed negative heterosis.
The hybrids 117A x DRR-2, 117A x DRR-3 and 117A x DRR-1, which yielded
higher also recorded higher dry matter in leaf, stem, ear, TDM and also for
growth parameters (CGR, RGR, AGR, NAR). This was also confirmed by the
positive heterosis by hybrids. The hybrids 117A x DRR-5, 117A x DRR-3 and
117A X DRR-2 showed significantly higher positive heterosis for chlorophyll
content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistant, RWC and epicuticular wax
content. The hybrid 117A x DRR-2, 117A x DRR-5 and 117A x DRR-3 had
shown positive heterosis for leaf area, LAI, SLA and SLW. Leaf anatomical
traits such as VLF and IVD, the hybrids 117A x DRR-2 and 117A x DRR-3
had shown significant positive heterosis.
The heterosis ranged from -9.58 to 85.85 over mid-parent, while it
ranged from -14.26 to 54.55 over better-parent for grain yield per plant. Five
hybrids viz., 117A x DRR-5, 117A x DRR-3, 117A x DRR-1, 117A x DRR-2
showed significant positive heterosis for grain yield. It was also observed that
grain yield had positive significant association with TDM, chlorophyll, RWC,
epicuticular wax content, IVD, VLF and HI.
Application of maleic hydrazide (MH) 500 ppm and 750 ppm at 38 and
47 DAS recorded complete sterility of male and female gametes in the
inflorescence. During successive year MH @ 500 ppm applied at 35 DAS
recorded 64.6 per cent male sterility as against 6.28 per cent in control.
Further, it also recorded lower activity of peroxidase enzyme in pollen, as it
was attributed to sterility.
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