STUDIES ON THE VULNERABILITY OF AGROFORESTRY RESOURCES TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON FARMERS ECONOMY IN MID HILLS OF WESTERN HIMALAYAS

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dc.contributor.advisorVERMA, K.S.
dc.contributor.authorJOSHI, REENA
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-20T11:42:59Z
dc.date.available2016-07-20T11:42:59Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT The study entitled “Studies on the vulnerability of agroforestry resources to climate change and its impact on farmers economy in mid hills of Western Himalayas” was conducted during 2009-2010 in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The objectives of the study were: to understanding the impact of climate change on regional weather and vulnerability of agroforestry resources, to understanding the impact of climate change on farm economy and, to develop an adaptation and mitigation strategy. The altitude ranges from 900 to 2500 m asl. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample site and collection of data. Socio-economic survey was done by personal interview of farmers using pre-structured questionnaire. Seven landuse systems viz. S1: Agriculture, S2: Horticulture, S3: Agrihorticulture, S4: Agrisilviculture, S5: Agrisilvihorticulture, S6: Pasture and S7: Silvipasture were identified and soil chemical analysis determined. Water quality traits for irrigation purpose were analyzed. Quantitative assessment of vulnerability was done by constructing a ‘vulnerability index’. Current (2001-2010) and past (1984-2000) climatic scenario revealed that the region has experienced increase in maximum and minimum temperature. Temperatures in different seasons of the year viz. winter, spring, summer and autumn have shown increasing trends, whereas the precipitation in the form of rainfall decreased except in autumn season. Majority of the farmers have marginal land holdings and have their main occupation as agriculture. Farmers showed a shift from traditional crops towards vegetable crops and flower crop cultivation. Highest economic returns were achieved in marginal (106225.36 Rs) and extra large category (554356.61 Rs) by Karganoo farmers; small (116922.10 Rs) and medium category (227580.70 Rs) by Habban farmers whereas in large category (349721.35 Rs) by Narag farmers. However, minimum (108.08 Rs), (42658.20 Rs), (46664.08 Rs), (124571.9 Rs) respective to marginal, small, medium and large category by Kothiajajar farmers, while in extra large category (259438.53 Rs) by Katli farmers. In different panchayats economic returns for different farmers category were in order: Marginal category: Karganoo > Habban > Katli > Narag > Sarahan > Kothiajajar; Small category: Habban > Karganoo > Narag > Katli > Sarahan > Kothiajajar; Medium category: Habban > Narag > Katli > Karganoo > Sarahan > Kothiajajar; Large category: Narag > Sarahan > Katli > Kothiajajar; Extra large category: Karganoo > Sarahan > Kothiajajar > Katli. Altitude wise per ha net benefit was upto 1000 m asl maximum (101970.80 Rs ha-1) by Katli farmers; at 1000-1500 m asl (146867.80 Rs ha-1) by Narag farmers whereas at 1500-2000 m asl (178999.55 Rs ha-1) by Habban farmers. In similar altitude net benefit was in order: Katli > Karganoo; Narag > Kothiajajar; Habban > Sarahan. Category wise per ha net benefit earned by farmers having marginal, small, medium, large and extra large category was maximum (Rs 149881.50), (124623.40), (115939.10), (80386.70) and (56784.10 ha-1) at 1500-2500 m asl, respectively. Total net benefit per ha for different altitude were in the order: 1500-2500 m asl > upto 1000 m asl > 1000-1500 m asl and category wise at 1500-2500 m asl: Marginal > Small > Medium > Large > Extra Large, whereas upto 1000 and 1000-1500 m asl: Marginal > Small > Large > Medium > Extra Large. Four agroforestry systems viz. AH, AS, ASH and SP were practiced by the farmers except Katli and Sarahan where only AS and SP, were being practiced. Vegetable crop based sub-system having maximum system units followed by cereal crop based and least in pulse crop based sub system. The pH of soil was in the acidic to neutral range whereas EC was in suitable range for the growth of all types of crops. Organic carbon of soil was in medium to high range. The available N, P and K were in range of medium to high, high and medium to high, respectively. Groundwater was generally neutral to alkaline in nature. Water quality traits for irrigation purpose viz., pH, EC, Cl-, Na+, Ca++, Mg++, CO3- -, and HCO3- were well within the desirable limits. Different village panchayats have been placed in following descending order of vulnerability: Katli > Sarahan > Kothiajajar > Narag > Habban > Karganoo. Suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies if implemented can play a decisive role in mitigating the adverse impacts and increasing the climatic resilience.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/69006
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subAgroforestry
dc.subjectpublic sector, climate, livestock, crops, precipitation, climatic change, irrigation, physical control, farming systems, biological phenomenaen_US
dc.subjectimpact of climate change, Agroforestry Resources,en_US
dc.these.typePh.D
dc.titleSTUDIES ON THE VULNERABILITY OF AGROFORESTRY RESOURCES TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON FARMERS ECONOMY IN MID HILLS OF WESTERN HIMALAYASen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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