CLINICO -DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON MICROFILARIOSIS IN BUFFALOES IN CERTAIN PARTS OF COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2017-09
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
To study the occurrence of bubaline microfilariosis, a total of 822 buffaloes
from costal Andhra Pradesh were screened during the period from November 2015 to
October 2016. Among them 44 buffaloes were found to have microfilariae in the
blood. The overall occurrence of bubaline microfilariosis was 5.35 per cent. The
occurrence in Veterinary Hospital, in individual holdings and in organized farms was
12.5 percent (23/184), 3.49 per cent (14/401) and 2.95 per cent (7/237) respectively.
The occurrence rate was high in 6 to 12 years old buffaloes. Microfilariae were not
detected in below one year old buffalo calves. The lactating buffaloes found to be
highly (7.93%) susceptible compared to non-lactating buffaloes (3.5%). Similarly,
5.54 per cent murrah buffaloes and 3.07 per cent non-descript buffaloes had
microfilariae in the blood. Microfilariosis was recorded through-out the year i.e.
during winter (5.21%) summer (4.54%) and monsoon (5.76%) seasons. The
microfilaraemic buffaloes exhibited the signs of pyrexia (1030F), anorexia, reduced
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milk yield, reduced rumen motility, epiphora, congested conjunctiva, sunken eyes,
edema of dependent parts and dehydration. In chronic cases clinical signs such as pale
conjunctivae/Pale oral mucosa, rough/dry skin, uncoordinated movement, loss of
vision, debility and mortality in one buffalo, were observed.
The hematological alterations recorded in microfilaremic buffaloes were
decreased VPRC (27.66+0.66%), Hb (8.75+0.52%), TEC (4.89±0.58×103/μl) and
relative eosinophilia (5±0.51). The serum biochemical parameters of microfilaremic
buffaloes revealed decreased glucose (31.21±1.55 mg/dl), Total serum proteins
(6.21±0.03), and albumin (3.17±0.05g/dl) content.
Similarly the serum calcium level (9.43±0.30 mg/dl) and zinc value
(56.16±3.73μg/dl) of microfilaremic buffaloes was reduced.
To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, 12 microfilaremic buffaloes were
randomly divided into 2 groups. The microfilaremic buffaloes in Group-II were
treated with injection doramectin@ 200 μg/kg/sc along with Calup gel @
300g/animal/day, three doses on alternative days. The buffaloes in Group-III were
administered with injection ivermectin @ 200μg/kg/ sc along with oral calcium.
The clinical recovery and restoration of physiological status was faster in
Doramectin treated group (minimum of 2 days) compared to ivermectin treated group
(minimum of 3 days). The magnitude of improvement and reversal to normalcy
haemato-biochemical and serum mineral content was far greater after treatment with
doramectin. Recurrence of microfilariosis up to 30 days was not recorded in both the
groups. It is therefore, concluded that both ivermectin and doramectin were efficient
in eliminating microfilariae, however the clinical recovery was much faster in
doramectin treated group.
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