EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA ISOLATES ON DECOMPOSITION OF PADDY STRAW AND INCIDENCE OF ALTERNARIA BLIGHT (Alternaria triticina Prasada and Prabhu) OF WHEAT UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2017
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
The present investigation entitled ‘‘Effect of Trichoderma isolates on decomposition of paddy straw and incidence of Alternaria blight (Alternaria triticina Prasada and Prabhu) of wheat under rice-wheat cropping system’’ was carried out at the Biocontrol laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.). Total of fifteen isolates of Trichoderma were isolated from different crop rhizospheric regions and compost pits of Research farm, IGKV, Raipur. These isolates were tested for their ability to decompose paddy straw and make compost. Among all these fifteen isolates, only seven were found to be of potential nature based on their rate of decomposition. These seven isolates were selected for further studies.
The compost produced by these isolates was tested further for growth promoting activity of wheat. Among all the treatments, the compost produced by isolate Ts7 caused increase in plant height, fresh weight and dry weight. The seven isolates were tested for their cellulase production activity qualitatively by Congo red method and quantitatively by DNS method. In this the isolate Ts7 showed high cellulose enzyme production of about 0.241mg/ml.
Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15. The soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture, neutral in reaction, low in organic carbon, low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potash contents. The trail was laid in split plot experiment with three doses of Trichoderma isolates (D1 Trichoderma @10%+ Vermicompost@ 100kg/ha, D2 Trichoderma @20%+ Vermicompost@100kg/ha D3 Trichoderma @30%+ Vermicompost@100kg/ha) in main plots and seven Trichoderma isolates, Trichoderma viride liquid metabolites, control with paddy straw and control without paddy straw were taken as subplot treatments. Paddy straw @1t ha-1 was uniformly spread and incorporated with disc harrow. Straw was totally removed from the field in control plot. In all the experiments, wheat variety Ratan was taken as test crop.
Decomposition was considerably higher in plots treated with Trichoderma viride liquid metabolites. About 96.80 percent of paddy straw was decomposed at 30 days after sowing under Trichoderma vride liquid metabolites treated plot.
By the increase in percent decomposition the soil bulk density was reduced upto a level of 9.47 percent and penetration resistance was decreased by 12.10 percent under treated plots compared to control. Available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil increases with increase in level of dose of Trichoderma viride liquid metabolites and Ts7. But the interaction levels were found to be non significant at all the stages of crop growth.
Increase in dose levels showed significant increase grain yield, straw yield and yield attributing characters such as plant height, number of tillers plant-1, seed yield and biological yield compared to control. But yield attributing characters such as days to 75% spike emergence, days to physiological maturity, spike length, number of spikes panicle-1, thousand seed weight and harvest index did not exert any significant influence.
The incidence of Alternaria blight of wheat was very low in experimental site. The effect of doses did not exerted any significant influence on disease incidence. Trichoderma isolates treated plots showed low disease incidence compared to control.
Description
EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA ISOLATES ON
DECOMPOSITION OF PADDY STRAW AND
INCIDENCE OF ALTERNARIA BLIGHT (Alternaria
triticina Prasada and Prabhu) OF WHEAT UNDER
RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM
Keywords
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