Effect of nitrogen levels and seed rate on wheat productivity with and without rice residue retained situation
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Date
2017
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CCSHAU
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at farmer`s field of village
Akalgarh, Yamunanagar, Haryana, to study the effect of nitrogen levels and seed rate on wheat productivity with
and without rice residue retained situation. Two experiments were laid out in split plot design with three
replications. In first experiment, four nitrogen levels were kept in main plots and four different time of nitrogen
application in sub plots under ZT sown wheat with residues retention. However, in second experiment, four crop
establishment methods were kept in main plots and three levels of seed rate in sub plots.
All growth parameters and yield attributes of zero tillage wheat with residue retention were recorded
significantly higher under 125% of recommended dose with uncoated urea (UU) which resulted into superior grain
yield, protein content, gluten content and hectoliter weight than 75% of recommended dose with UU but it was
statistically at par with 100% of recommended dose with UU as well as neem coated urea (NCU) in both the years.
The irrigation water productivity and total water productivity were recorded maximum with 125% of
recommended dose which were significantly higher than 75% of recommended dose with UU but statistically at
par with 100% of recommended dose (UU/NCU). Maximum net returns and B:C ratio were obtained with 125% of
recommended dose with UU followed by lower doses of nitrogen (UU/NCU). Highest available N and organic
carbon in soil were accumulated with 125% of recommended dose which was significantly higher than 75% of
recommended dose with UU but statistically at par with 100% of recommended dose (UU/NCU). Among time of
nitrogen application, growth parameters and yield attributes were maximum with three splits doses viz. 1/3 as
basal, 1/3 after 1st irrigation and 1/3 after 2nd irrigation resulting into maximum grain yield, protein content, gluten
content and hectoliter weight. This treatment also recorded highest total NPK use efficiency, irrigation water
productivity, total water productivity and net returns.
Among crop establishment methods viz. zero tillage (ZT) with residue retention, ZT without residue, line sowing
and broadcasting methods of conventional practice, zero tillage wheat with residue retention recorded maximum
values of growth parameters and yield attributes resulting into significantly higher grain yield than conventional
method of broadcast sowing. Protein and gluten content were recorded significantly higher under zero tillage with
residue retention than broadcasting and line sowing in 2nd year. Zero tillage with residue retention recorded
significantly higher carbon sustainability index, NPK use efficiency, water productivity, total water productivity
than conventional method of broadcasting. Maximum energy use efficiency, energy productivity, net returns and
B:C ratio were also obtained under zero tillage with residue retention. Highest available N and organic carbon in
soil were accumulated under zero tillage with residue retention which was significantly higher than conventional
method of broadcasting. Growth parameters and productive tillers were significantly higher with 125 kg/ha seed
rate that reflected into maximum grain yield which was significantly higher than 75 kg/ha but statistically at par
with 100 kg/ha seed rate. Highest B:C ratio, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were obtained with 100
kg/ha seed rate. Interactions between crop establishment methods and seed rate, grain yield was attained maximum
in ZT with residue retention under 125 kg/ha seed rate, however it was not substantially higher than ZT with
residue retention under 100 kg/ha seed rate.
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