EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHROMIUM ON THE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE COMPETENCE IN BROILERS
| dc.contributor.advisor | RAVINDER REDDY, V(MAJOR) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | BINDU MADHURI, S | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | RAMA RAO, S.V. | |
| dc.contributor.author | SRINIVASA RAO, G | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-11-13T06:48:33Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-11-13T06:48:33Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2010-08 | |
| dc.description | THESES | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT : The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of graded levels of organic (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 μg/kg) and inorganic chromium (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 μg/kg) in a 5 x 2 factorial manner on the performance, slaughter variables and immune response of broilers. A total of 330 day-old commercial broiler males were divided into 11 treatments with 6 replications (5 broilers in each) and fed test diets adlibitum from one to six weeks of age (pre-starter 0-14 d, starter 15-28 d and finisher 29-42 d). Body weight gain of broilers significantly (P<0.05) higher in groups fed diets with organic Cr during pre-starter and finisher phases than control and inorganic Cr group. During starter phase, body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for inorganic Cr compared to the control and organic Cr. Body weight gain was not influenced by source of Cr during overall period. Supplementation of Cr at 600 μg/kg to the diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gains during pre-starter, starter, finisher and overall period. Whereas, during finisher and overall period 1500 μg/kg Cr was superior to other levels. The interaction effect between source and level of Cr was significantly (P<0.05) improved the body weight gains than the control. Feed intake increased significantly (P<0.05) in proportion to growth rate by organic Cr during pre-starter, starter, finisher and overall period. At 600 μg/kg Cr the feed intake increased significantly during pre-starter, starter, finisher and overall period. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly influenced by source of Cr during pre-starter and finisher phases. Supplementation of inorganic Cr significantly (P<0.05) improved the FCR compared to control or organic Cr during starter and overall period. During finisher and overall period supplementation of Cr at 1500 μg/kg significantly improved the feed efficiency. The Cr level did not influence the FCR during starter phase. The FCR was poor in Cr supplemented diets during pre-starter phase. The dressing yields, breast yield and weights of liver, heart and gizzard were not influenced by source and level of Cr. Supplementation of inorganic Cr significantly (P<0.05) reduced abdominal fat percentage. Interaction between source and level of Cr did not influence the slaughter variables except dressing yield. Shrinkage loss was not influenced by either source, level of Cr or their interaction. The source of Cr did not influence the relative weight of lymphoid organs. Supplementation of Cr at 300 μg/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased the thymus weight compared to the control and other levels of Cr. Interaction did not affect the lymphoid organ weights. The humoral immune response to NDV at 28th and 42nd day of age was not influenced by source of Cr. Dietary Cr at 1500 μg/kg significantly (P<0.05) increased antibody titers against NDV at 28th and 42nd day of age. Cell mediated immunity in terms of CBH response was not affected by addition of Cr to the diet. The source of Cr did not influence the lipid peroxidation in broilers. Inclusion of Cr reduced MDA levels compared to the control. Interaction effect of Cr source and level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased the lipid peroxidation. Supplementation of Cr decreased the GSH-Px activity. Heterophil to Lymphocyte (H/L) ratios were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by the organic and inorganic Cr inclusion and all levels of inclusion than the control. The diet supplemented with Cr source had significantly (P<0.05) increased triglyceride concentration than the control diet. The effect of different levels of Cr had significantly (P<0.05) higher triglyceride concentration than the control diet. Glucose and cholesterol concentration in serum were significantly (P<0.05) decreased on source and level of Cr diets than the control. Based on the data of the present experiment it can be concluded that supplementation of organic or inorganic Cr at 600 μg/kg diet for improved growth performances, antioxidant status and reduced the total cholesterol and glucose concentration in serum of broilers. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810083317 | |
| dc.keywords | BROILERS;ORGANIC;INORGANIC CHROMIUM;PERFORMANCE;IMMUNE COMPETENCE;GRADED LEVELS | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 106 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Poultry Science | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHROMIUM ON THE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE COMPETENCE IN BROILERS | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHROMIUM ON THE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE COMPETENCE IN BROILERS | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |