ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION, RUNOFF, SEDIMENT YIELD, WATER QUALITY AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN OVERBURDEN DUMPS OF OPENCAST MINES IN CHIRIMIRI
| dc.contributor.advisor | Sahu, R.K. | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Sinha, Jitendra | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Verma, Ajay | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Jain, B.C. | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Choudhury, B. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Nigam, Gaurav Kant | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-02-15T09:48:34Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-02-15T09:48:34Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Scarcity of land and water resources has compelled the policy makers to search waste lands and mined areas to augment/improve these resources for use in agriculture and allied sectors while maintaining the local ecology and hydrology. Most of the coal production (81%) in India comes from open cast mines. Opencast mining in huge forest areas results into loss of biodiversity, nutrient qualities and microbial activities of the soil system. It releases huge amount of mining wastes as overburden dump materials that are prone to soil erosion and create problems of sedimentation and water quality, affecting agriculture. The present study was undertaken in Chirimiri open cast mines, with objective to address these problems, and suggest preventive measures. Initiating the study with reconnaissance survey of the opencast mine area, field samples of overburden dump materials were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics and compared with native soil samples. Assessment of soil erosion from overburden dump materials was made by RUSLE method and was compared with direct field measurements by placing plastic sheets (100 micron) duly anchored in D/S portion of overburden dump and weighing the deposited sediments. All required parameters like R, K, LS, C, P, were worked out in RUSLE method. Daily rainfall data for past 21 years and daily surface runoff as estimated by USDA-SCS curve number method were analyzed SMW wise using standard parameters. Bottle sampling method was used for the determination of sediment yield at lower end of erosion face of overburden dumps and near drainage outlet of opencast mine. Monthly water samples of mine were also analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. The results of study indicated that monsoon rainfall constitutes 91.6% of the annual rainfall and surface runoff constituted 31.7% of monsoon rainfall. The runoff was comparatively low due to forest cover and light texture of the overburden dump and native soil. The pH values indicated that the overburden dump material was slightly more acidic in nature as compared to the native soil samples. The EC values of native soil samples were slightly higher as compared to the overburden dump materials. The organic carbon, N, P, K and water holding capacity of overburden dump materials was quite low as compared to native soil. The soil loss from overburden dumps as estimated by the RUSLE method (62.7 t ha−1 yr−1) was quite close (+13.2%) to the direct field measurement 54.44 t ha−1. The texture of deposited sediments/soil was relatively coarse as compared to native soil. The sediment samples were found acidic in nature. Direct field measurement indicated that the sediments exhibited low values of EC, organic 118 carbon, water holding capacity, N, P, and K as compared to native soil that makes it less productive as compared to native soil. In fact, the agricultural lands were quite away from mined areas. The rice productivity of nearby forest villages was more or less same with district‟s average. It appears that the forest area serves as buffer zone between mining sites and agricultural land. There sedimentation affected land can be brought under cultivation after treating with powdered lime, due to its acidic nature. The sediment yield of drainage effluent was found to be negligible. The estimated surface runoff was found to be 4133 m3/ha. Monthly physico-chemical characteristics of mine water samples indicated its alkaline nature. The pH values and fluoride content of all the water samples were within the desirable limit as per IS: 10500. Similarly the colour parameter, chloride content, dissolved solids, turbidity, iron content, alkalinity, nitrate, calcium, manganese and total hardness in most of the water samples were below the desirable limit as per IS: 10500. For controlling soil erosion of overburden dumps, mechanical and vegetative measures have been suggested along with installation of sediment traps inside and outside the mines. It would facilitate flow of almost sediment free runoff entering inside mines where after further sedimentation drainage effluent would be disposed of to either natural outlets or after due treatment would be supplied to drinking/domestic water supply. Properly laid out drainage system and water harvesting tanks have also been suggested for safe disposal of runoff and water storage to augment groundwater and improve local hydrology. There is good scope to backfill the mines with the overburden dump material in the form of well laid out terraces to support plantation and later on used for leguminous fodder/grass production. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810001036 | |
| dc.keywords | SOIL EROSION, RUNOFF, SEDIMENT YIELD, WATER QUALITY, PREVENTIVE MEASURES, OVERBURDEN DUMPS, OPENCAST MINES, CHIRIMIRI | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 148 p. | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur | en_US |
| dc.sub | Soil and Water Engineering | en_US |
| dc.theme | Agriculture, Soil, Water Engineering | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Sc | en_US |
| dc.title | ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION, RUNOFF, SEDIMENT YIELD, WATER QUALITY AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN OVERBURDEN DUMPS OF OPENCAST MINES IN CHIRIMIRI | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |