Studies on evaluation of some phytoacaricides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
| dc.contributor.advisor | Vatsya, Stuti | |
| dc.contributor.author | Vijay Kumar | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-08-27T06:26:18Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-08-27T06:26:18Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017-08 | |
| dc.description.abstract | A study was under taken with objective of detecting synthetic pyrethroid resistance (deltamethrin concentrations- 0.0003125%, 0.000625%, 0.00125%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01% and 0.02%-each tested in triplicate) in R. microplus using two in vitro laboratory bioassays namely Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and Larval Packet Test (LPT) collected from different parts of Uttarakhand state {Nainital (Bindu Khatta, Patwadangar, Halduchor), Udham Singh Nagar (Saanp Katani Khatta, Pantnagar Dairy, Nehru Colony, Sitarganj), Pithoragarh (Bin) and Uttarkashi} to generate a baseline data and Azadirachta and Eucalyptus plants were screened for acaricidal activity. The susceptible tick population collected from Bindu Khatta, Nainital displayed an LC50 of 0.00075% Active Ingredient (A.I.) [Confidence Interval (C.I.) 95% 0.0006-0.0009] and LC99 of 0.00533% (C.I. 95% 0.0034-0.0112) in AIT bioassay. The R. microplus population from Nehru colony exhibited the highest LC50 of 0.03192%, (CI 95% 0.0188-0.1026%) followed by Pithoragarh (0.00526%, CI 95% 0.0036-0.0083%), Pantnagar dairy (0.00514%, CI 95% 0.0036-0.0080%), Sitarganj (0.00376%, CI 95% 0.0025-0.0061%), Halduchor (0.00337% CI 95% 0.0025-0.0047%), Saanp Katani Khatta (0.00189% CI 95% 0.0013-0.0026%), Nainital (Patwadangar) (0.00177% CI 95% 0.0012-0.0025%) and Uttarkashi (0.00088%, CI 95% 0.0007-0.0011). The R2 values of 0.994, 0.991, 0.978, 0.974, 0.973, 0.964, 0.962, 0.952 and 0.877 were detected in Bindu Khatta, Uttarkashi, Pithoragarh, Pantnagar Dairy, Nehru colony, Nainital, Halduchor, Sitarganj, and Saanp Katani Khatta populations, respectively. The Nehru colony population of ticks had the highest resistance factor (RF) of 42.55, whereas the Pithoragarh and Pantnagar dairy populations had RF values of 7.01 and 6.85, respectively; Sitarganj, Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta and Nainital tick populations were 5.01, 4.49, 2.52, and 2.36 times resistant, respectively. Level IV resistance was found in Nehru colony tick population; level II in Pithoragarh, Pantnagar Dairy, Sitarganj and level I in Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta and Nainital R. microplus populations. The population of ticks collected from Uttarkashi and Bindu Khatta were found susceptible to deltamethrin. In LPT bioassay, an LC50 of 0.00074% A. I. (C.I. 95% 0.0005-0.0010) was observed for the Susceptible R. microplus population. The LC50 values were observed to be (0.03524%, CI 95% 0.0248- 0.0607%), (0.00508%, CI 95% 0.0037-0.0073%), (0.00439%, CI 95% 0.0030-0.0067), (0.00393%, CI 95% 0.0021-0.0089%), (0.00365%, CI 95% 0.0025- 0.0054%), (0.00196%, CI 95% 0.0013-0.0029%), (0.00165% CI 95% 0.0012-0.0022%) and (0.00097% CI 95% 0.0006-0.0015) for Nehru colony, Pantnagar Dairy, Sitarganj, Pithoragarh, Halduchor, Saanp Katani Khatta, Nainital and Uttarkashi, respectively. Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus citriodora were selected to know their acaricidal potential against R. microplus ticks. The % yield obtained with, aqueous, methanolic and aqueous-methanolic extract was, 16, 7.48 and 17.56 for A. indica and 13.28, 18.96 and 19.28 for Eucalyptus. The results of AIT using the aqueous, methanolic and aqueous-methanolic extract of both plants revealed a dose dependent decrease in reproductive index (RI) and percent inhibition of oviposition (IO%) generally from concentration 2.5 to 20%. A decrease in egg production was significant (p<0.05) for 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentration of the extract. Tick mortality percent of 40 and 70% was observed at 10 and 20 % concentration of methanolic extract solution of A. indica. The results of AIT with E. citriodora revealed that RI and IO% decreased from concentration 1.25 to 20%. The results of AIT using the Neem oil showed that there was dose dependent decrease in RI and IO% in concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 20%. A decrease of 5, 30, 40, 50 and 60% hatching of eggs was observed at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% concentration of oil, respectively. With Eucalyptus oil, also a dose dependent decrease in RI and IO% for 1.25% concentration was noted. A decrease of 50% hatching of eggs was also observed at 1.25% concentration of oil. Ticks failed to oviposit at 2.5% to 20% concentration. 100% mortality was observed at 2.5% to 20% concentration of oil. In LPT bioassay, an LC50 of 9.333% A. I. (C.I. 95% 6.132-16.983) was observed for the Azadirachta aqueous extract solution against resistant R. microplus population. With E. citriodora aqueous methanolic solution, LC50 of 9.620% A. I. (C.I. 95% 4.491-17.148), methanolic LC50 of 14.492% A. I. (C.I. 95% 13.210-16.060) and aqueous LC50 of 17.556% A. I. (C.I. 95% 2.916.210-18.817)}. E. citriodora oil exhibited LC50 of 11.634% and neem oil an LC50 of 22.818% against larvae of R. microplus population. In LIT, no mortality of R. microplus larvae was recorded at any concentration of A. indica and E. citriodora extracts except at 20% concentration of neem aqueous solution (85%). Several phytoconstituents were revealed on phytochemical analysis of A. indica [alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenes] and E. citriodora [alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, saponins, tannins and triterpenes]. Based on results of laboratory bioassays, it is possible to conclude that the oils of A. indica and E. citriodora caused a negative effect on reproduction and hatchability against deltamethrin resistant R. microplus while Eucalyptus oil even resulted in mortality of ticks. The use of these oils shows great potential for the future as an alternative biocontrol method for R. microplus. These can be incorporated as part of an integrated control programme for ticks. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810069606 | |
| dc.keywords | acaricides, Rhipicephalus microplus | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 113 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand) | en_US |
| dc.research.problem | Rhipicephalus microplus | en_US |
| dc.sub | Veterinary Parasitology | en_US |
| dc.subject | null | en_US |
| dc.theme | Acaricides | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | Studies on evaluation of some phytoacaricides against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |