EFFECT OF FYM AND VAM ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SPINACH (Beta vulgaris) (PALAK)

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dc.contributor.advisorSUMATHI, S
dc.contributor.authorTIRUPATHI RAO HANUMANTHU, HANUMANTHU
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-06T11:36:28Z
dc.date.available2016-06-06T11:36:28Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractA poly bag experiment was conducted at Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bioenergy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2011-12 to study the “Effect of FYM and VAM on drought tolerance of spinach (Beta vulgaris) (PALAK)”. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with 3 replications and 8 treatment combinations. Recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (100% RDF, 50% RDF), farm yard manure and mycorrhizae were applied to the soil according to the treatments imposed. All green variety of spinach seeds (20) were sown in poly bags and watered at two levels i.e alternate day and every 4th day. The crop was harvested around 40 days (1st picking) and 60 days (2nd picking) after sowing. At each picking, yield was noted, and fresh leaf samples were used for estimation of total chlorophyll content, proline content,vitamin C content and total carotene content. Dry powdered leaf samples were used for estimation of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake. The physico - chemical properties of soil and microbial population in the soil were estimated before sowing and after harvesting of the crop. The results revealed that among the treatments with alternate day irrigation, yield was highest in FYM+100%RDF followed by 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Addition of FYM to the treatment VAM+100%RDF significantly increased the yield. Significantly highest dry weight and chlorophyll content were observed in FYM+100%RDF followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The treatment FYM+100%RDF showed significantly maximum number of leaves followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM, 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest vitamin C content and phenolic content were recorded in both 50%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The vitamin C content was significantly lowest in the treatment with VAM. Addition of VAM to the FYM and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the vitamin C content. Highest antioxidant activity and total carotene content were found in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment. Highest proline content was recorded in FYM+100%RDF followed by FYM+VAM and lowest amount of proline was found in VAM treatment. Highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake was observed in the treatment with 50%RDF+FYM+VAM followed by FYM+100%RDF. The uptake was significantly increased when FYM was added to the VAM+100%RDF treatment. Lowest uptake of N, P and K was found in VAM treatment. Maximum pH and high EC values were recorded in the treatment 100%RDF. The organic carbon content was highest in FYM and bulk density was found to be maximum with 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Nitrogen and Phosphorous content were observed in the treatment 100%RDF. Significantly lowest nitrogen and potassium content was observed in VAM treatment. Higher population of Bacteria, Actinomycetes, PSB and Fungi were found to be associated with the FYM treatment while Azotobacter population was maximum in FYM+VAM and VAM+100%RDF treatments. Among the treatments given irrigation at every 4th day, significantly higher yield and dry weight was found in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM which were immediately followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM. The results indicate that VAM as such did not influence the dry weight of the spinach crop. The influence of VAM was observed only in combination with FYM and chemical fertilizers. Highest number of leaves and chlorophyll content were recorded in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM and 50%RDF+FYM+VAM respectively. Highest vitamin C content, antioxidant activity and phenolic content were found in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment. On addition of VAM to FYM+100%RDF treatment vitamin C content was significantly increased. Carotene content was highest in FYM+100%RDF followed by 100%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF. Higher proline content was recorded with 100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment and lowest proline content was recorded in VAM. The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous was highest in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The treatments with VAM, FYM and RDF helped in higher uptake of nitrogen under water stress. Phosphorous uptake recorded high in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Potassium uptake was found in 50%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Lowest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were found in the treatments VAM, VAM+FYM and FYM respectively. The higher pH and EC were observed in100%RDF. Highest organic carbon content recorded in FYM, FYM+100%RDF and FYM+VAM treatments. Highest bulk density was observed in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Nitrogen and Phosphorous content was observed in 100%RDF treatment. Potassium content was highest in VAM+100%RDF treatment. However lowest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content were observed in VAM. Highest number of bacteria was found in FYM+VAM. Actinomycetes were highest in number in the treatment FYM+VAM and lowest in 100%RDF. Highest number of PSB was observed in the treatment 50%RDF+FYM+VAM. Azotobacter population was highest in FYM+VAM followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment and lowest in 100%RDF. Fungal population was highest in the treatment FYM and lowest in 100%RDF. The results obtained in the present experiment indicate that the FYM or VAM or RDF alone did not help in either higher yield or withstanding drought stress. Though FYM with RDF gave the best results than RDF alone, use of VAM with FYM and RDF gave the best results in terms of yield, antioxidant activity, vitamin C content both under normal and drought stress conditions. The % difference in yield was lowest in VAM treatments when compared between the two irrigation levels indicating that the VAM treatment influences yield under drought stress.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66819
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYen_US
dc.subAgricultural Microbiology
dc.subjectdna, vegetables, economic resources, research methods, grain, manpower, ecosystems, fruits, wells, biological phenomenaen_US
dc.subjectFYM AND VAM, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, SPINACH, Beta vulgaris, PALAKen_US
dc.these.typePh.D
dc.titleEFFECT OF FYM AND VAM ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SPINACH (Beta vulgaris) (PALAK)en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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