ENHANCING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF LOW LAND RICE THROUGH REAL TIME NITROGEN MANAGEMENT USING CUSTOMIZED LEAF COLOUR CHART
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Date
2018
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Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
Abstract
A field study was performed at institute research farm of ICAR-NRRI Cuttack (Odisha) during the Kharif season, 2017 on enhancing nitrogen use efficiency of low land rice through real time N management using customized leaf colour chart (CLCC) with objectives to evaluate the effect of CLCC and different doses of neem coated urea (NCU) on the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and rice yield, effect of CLCC and different forms of urea on losses of nitrogen in rice through leaching, N2O loss and volatilization and to assess the possibility of saving of nitrogen by combined use of CLCC and NCU in rice over the conventional application of prilled urea (PU). The treatments consisted of application of NCU in combination with conventional and CLCC and comparison with PU comprised of eight treatments with three replication. Treatments comprised of T1: control with no nitrogen applied; T2: 100% RDN (recommended dose of nitrogen) as NCU in conventional method; T3: 75% RDN as NCU in conventional method; T4: 50% RDN as NCU in conventional method; T5: 100% RDN as NCU with CLCC recommendation; T6:75% RDN as NCU with CLCC recommendation; T7: 50% RDN as NCU with CLCC recommendation; T8: 100% RDN as PU in conventional method. Naveen variety of rice as a test crop was transplanted on 5th August 2017 and harvested on 13th November 2017. The recommended dose of N was taken as 80 kg ha-1. A uniform dose of P as SSP and K as MOP @ 40 kg ha-1 each was applied in all plots. Experimental field soil was slightly acidic (pH 6.23) in reaction, low salt content (EC- 0.19 dsm-1) and medium status in available N, P and K. The results on the effect of different treatments imposed on rice crop on growth behavior and other parameters like yield and yield attributes, nutrient uptake and efficiencies, losses of applied N through different mechanism were assessed and analysis for the required parameters were done.
From all the analysis it was found that with the application of NCU in combination with CLCC as 100% RDN recorded the highest yield among all the treatments and increased the yield by 7.74% as compared to NCU applied conventionally and 12.5% as compared to PU applied conventionally. Grain yield produced by the application of NCU in combination with CLCC as 75% RDF was statistically at par with 100 % RDF as NCU and PU applied conventionally. N recovery efficiency was observed higher under CLCC based NCU application than that under conventional method. Apart from this, application of NCU based on CLCC recorded notable performance in various plant parameters such as crop growth rate, photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, leaf nitrogen content and total N uptake at different stages and also in the yield attributing characters. The losses of applied fertilizer N with different methods through NCU and PU have indicated that N2O emission, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching losses could be reduced in the range of 19-23, 6-8, 35-40 %, respectively under application of NCU based on CLCC than those under conventional method. Hence, it is clear that application of NCU based on CLCC can reduce the losses through different forms due to well synchronize with demand and supply of nitrogen.
The overall performance of NCU in comparison to PU was better in terms of higher yield, N uptake, yield attributing character, minimum losses and higher efficiency. However, NCU application based on CLCC has performed better than conventional approach. Based on this results it can be stated that 25% N can be saved in comparison to those of 100 % RDN as NCU and PU based on conventional application.
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