Comparative phytochemical profiling of Asparagus racemosus (Safed shatavar) and Asparagus racemosus (Pili shatavar) and assessment for its bioactivity and mineral composition
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2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The aim of present study was to compare phytochemical composition and evaluation of biological activities of pili shatavar and safed shatavar. The extraction was done using methanol as solvent. The extracts was concentrated using distillation. A. racemosus is a biochemical factory of different class of metabolites including sterols, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, coumarine and amino acid. The extracts obtained from soxhlet extraction analysed by combination of GC and GC-MS. The percentage of major compounds present in the root extract of pili shatavar were 1,3:4,6-dimethylene-d-glycero-d-mannoheptitol (22.76), 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone (19.43), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (18.91), 2,2-dideutero-trans-1,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentane (12.54), methyl sorbate (7.19), dimethyl fumarate (3.37), oleic Acid (3.24), diisopropyl 2-oxomalonate (2.75) dimethyl maleate (2.21). Whereas the major components present in the root of safed shatavar were 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2- furaldehyde(24.41), curdlan (20.71), pentanoic-3,3-D2 acid (10.09), cyclopentane, 1-acetyl-1,2- epoxy(7.45), oleic acid (4.54), 2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl (4.39), pyranone (3.56), tetradecanoic acid (2.54), diethyl methoxymalonate (2.34).The minerals were analysed by AAS. Ca was observed to be highest in pili shatavar 5.276 μg/g. The Mn content was maximum in safed shatavar (0.934μg/g). The iron content observed to be 1.134μg/g in pili satavar and1.172μg/g in safed shatavar. The Zn content was maximum in pili shatavar (0.364μg/g). Cu content was trace amount in pili and safed shatavar. The TPC was maximum in pili shatavar (69±0.012mg/gm) as compared to safed shatavar (36.5±0.33 mg/g). The TFC was maximum in pili shatavar (15.32±0.29 mg/gm) and minimum in safed shatavar (10.09±0.12mg/g). Root extract from pili shatavar showed highest total antioxidant activity (IC50=189.77±4.36) as compared to safed shatavar (IC50=254.57±4.25). The in-vitro antioxidant activity was performed in terms of reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating effect. Pili shatavar methanolic extract (RP50=79.06±1.69) observed to have highest reducing power as compared to safed shatavar (RP50=177.12±4.47). The extract obtained from the pili shatavar displayed good radical scavenging potential with the IC50 value of 536.66±0.92 as compared with the standard antioxidant. Pili shatavar methanolic extract exhibit highest metal chelating effect (IC50=271.21±0.20) in comparison to safed shatavar (IC50=599.78±10.10). However root extract of safed shatavar (IC50=199.19±0.38) observed to have a strong in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect relative to the pili shatavar. The methanolic extracts of pili and safed shatavar have been examined for in-vitro antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains and antifungal activity against three fungal species. The health promoting phytochemical of Asparagus racemosus and their antioxidative potential could be utilized in pharmaceutical sector and food industries.
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