Effect of mulch and irrigation schedules on productivity and water use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Date
2020-12
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during spring season-2019 at Instructional Dairy Farm (IDF), Nagla, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to study the “Effect of Mulch and Irrigation Schedules on Productivity and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”. The soil of the experimental site was slightly silty clay loam in texture with neutral pH (7.13), rich in organic carbon (0.74%), medium in available nitrogen (280.20 kg/ha), available phosphorus (25.16 kg/ha) and available potassium (215 kg/ha). The experiment consisted of 3 mulch i.e. control, straw mulch @ 6 ton/ha and polythene mulch in main plot and 4 irrigation schedules i.e: critical stages, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE ratio in sub plot was laid out in Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications. Sunflower var. “DRSH-1”
was sown on 23th March, 2019 and harvested on 22th June, 2019. The growth attributes, seed and stover yield, oil and protein content, consumptive use of water and water use efficiency of spring sunflower were influenced significantly by mulch and irrigation schedules. Among different mulches, significantly higher sunflower seed yield was recorded under polythene mulch that was 4.6% and 18.5% higher than straw mulch and control, respectively. Polythene mulch also had the highest oil content and oil yield as well as protein content and protein yield. The consumptive use of water and water use efficiency were also recorded higher under polythene mulch. Similarly the gross return was recorded significantly highest under polythene mulch, while the net return was found highest under straw mulch. The B:C ratio was recorded significantly highest in control and followed by straw mulch. Among irrigation schedules, 1.2 IW/CPE ratio gave significantly highest seed yield that was 5.4, 11.1, and 14.8% greater than irrigation scheduled at 1.0, 0.8 IW/CPE and critical stages, respectively. The oil and protein yield were found significantly highest under irrigation scheduled at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio. The consumptive use of water and water use efficiency were recorded significantly highest under irrigation scheduled at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio and critical stages, respectively. The gross return, net return and B:C ratio were found significantly highest at irrigation scheduled at 1.2 IW/CPE. On the basis of experimental results, it can be concluded that sunflower may be grown with application of straw mulch @ 6 ton/ha and irrigation scheduling at 1.2 IW/CPE ratio for higher productivity, net return as well as water use efficiency during spring season in Tarai region of Uttrakhand.