Soil test crop response studies in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) – maize (Zea mays L.) cropping sequence
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Date
2016-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 on Typic Hapludoll in D7 block of Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of G.B. P. U. & T., Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 79029’ E longitude) on soil test crop response studies. First experiment was conducted as per the technical programme of STCR. Sorghum was taken as an exhaust crop followed by test crops french bean and maize were grown in sequence by dividing each strip in 24 plots (21 treatments and 3 controls). Crop response to selected combinations of four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 for french bean and 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 for maize), four levels of phosphorus (0, 35, 70 and 105 kgP2O5 ha-1 for french bean and 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 for maize), four levels of potassium (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg K2O ha-1 for french bean and 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 for maize) and three levels of FYM (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1 for both the crops) at different fertility levels was studied. Second experiment was conducted in randomized block design to study the effect of nutrient management on grain yield and fertilizer economics of french bean maize cropping sequence. Organic carbon, alkaline KMnO4-N, Olsen’s-P and NH4OAc-K values ranged between 0.39 to 0.78 per cent, 112.90 to 245.86 kg ha-1 and 11.33 to 24.56 kg ha-1, 106.40 to 254.24 kg ha-1, respectively after soil fertility gradient experiment while, after harvest of french bean (before sowing of maize) these ranged between 0.42 to 0.84 per cent, 125.44 to 275.97 kg ha-1 and 16.02 to 25.63 kg ha-1, 153.44 to 229.60 kg ha-1, respectively. The nutrient requirement to produce one quintal grain yield was 6.91 kg nitrogen, 0.73 kg phosphorus and 8.48 kg potassium for french bean while for maize the values were 2.26 kg nitrogen, 0.74 kg phosphorus and 2.02 kg potassium, respectively. Contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from soil was 15.16, 19.28 and 23.95 % in french bean and 26.31, 75.86 and 23.51 % in maize, whereas from FYM it was 32.52, 3.50, 53.42 %; in french bean, 20.76, 19.37, 27.80 % in maize, and from chemical fertilizer 29.10, 11.29, 85.04 in french bean and 21.97, 28.58, 74.54 % in maize. Percent contribution of nutrient from combined use of chemical fertilizer and FYM was 35.05 for nitrogen, 12.50 for phosphorus, 112.79 for potassium in french bean and 31.37 for nitrogen, 39.23 for phosphorus and 96.10 for potassium in maize. Fertilizer adjustment equations for targeted yield of french bean and maize were developed with and without FYM with the help of basic data. Coefficient of quadratic multiple regression (R2) was found highly significant (0.686** in french bean and 0.660** in maize) between grain yield, soil test values, added fertilizers and interaction between soil & fertilizers. On the basis of R2 values of multiple regression alkaline KMnO4, Olsen’s and NH4OAc methods in their combinations were found superior for determination of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Post harvest prediction equations were also developed for predicting post harvest soil test value after french bean and maize. In second experiment, significantly higher grain yield was found under 100 % STCR + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 followed by 100 % RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 in french bean as well as in maize. Highest B:C ratio was recorded under 100% STCR +5 t FYM ha-1 treatment followed by 100% RDF+ 5 t FYM ha-1 and highest response ratio was recorded in 75% STCR +5 t FYM ha-1 followed by 100% STCR +5 t FYM ha-1 in both the crops. Fertilizer prescription through STCR approach was found superior than the application of recommended dose of fertilizer in terms of yield as well as economics for both the crops. Findings of present study may be used as guide for fertilizer recommendation in similar type of soils.