EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF PLANTS BASED EXTRACT AGAINST FOWL TYPHOID IN QUAIL
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Date
2015-08-14
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CSKHPKV, Palampur
Abstract
The present study was planned to study the effect of aqueous plant extract against experimental
salmonellosis in Japanese quail. Four hundred Japanese quail chicks at day 21 were randomly
divided into four groups and were fed chick mash alone (group PC), aqueous plant extract in the
drinking water at the rate of 15 ml lts-1of drinking water (group GC), birds challenged with S.
Gallinarum (2x103 cfu ml-1) orally (group PI) and the combination group containing both
infection and aqueous extract (group GI). The plant extract was given in drinking water
continuously from 18th day onwards up to 10 days post-infection. The S. Gallinarum infection
was inoculated at day 21 through oral route. The birds in all groups were closely observed for the
development of clinical signs, mortality, growth response, biochemical changes and pathological
changes. Intestinal tissues of three randomly selected birds from each treatment group were
subjected to scanning electron microscopic studies at different hours post infection. The clinical
signs in both the infected groups included greenish diarrhea, anorexia, ruffling of feathers,
labored breathing, huddling, restricted movement, dullness and depression, but the signs like dark
greenish diarrhea, ruffled feathers etc. were comparatively less severe in the GI group. Mortality
was 36% in the infected group kept on the plants extract added water in comparison to 58% in the
group given Salmonella infection alone. ALT, AST, serum cholesterol and creatinine levels were
found to be higher whereas total protein concentration was lower at the peak phase of infection in
PI group as compared to the GI group. The gross lesions in liver and spleen chiefly comprised of
enlargement, copper discoloration and necrotic foci in both the infected groups, though lesions in
GI group were comparatively less severe up to 10 DPI, but increased afterwards when the extract
water was stopped giving to the birds. The microscopic lesions in the PI group comprised of
necrosis, heterophilic and mononuclear cell infiltration and vacuolar changes in the liver. The
lesions were similar in nature in the GI group but were comparatively less severe in intensity. The
lesions in the spleen in both the infected groups included RE cell hyperplasia, lymphoid
depletion, necrosis and heterophilic and MN cell infiltration. In PI group, the scanning electron
studies revealed significant damage to the intestine architecture. The birds showed destructed
villous structure and necrosis. The normal shape was transformed to long finger like structures
with tapering ends. There was sloughing of the villous epithelium and shedding of the mucosal
shreds. The response in the GI group was found to be better than PI group. These results indicate
that there was some level of protection provided by the aqueous plant extract against
experimental salmonellosis.
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