A STUDY ON BUFFALO PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN DELTA AND UPLAND AREAS OF WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
| dc.contributor.advisor | ANITHA, A(MAJOR) | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | ASHA LATHA, P | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | SUDHAKAR, K | |
| dc.contributor.author | LAKSHMI KALYANI, G | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-04-29T12:16:12Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-04-29T12:16:12Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-09 | |
| dc.description | THESIS | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | An investigation was conducted to study the production and reproduction performance of buffaloes, management practices, cost of milk production, socio-economic characters and constraints perceived by the buffalo milk producers of Godavari delta and upland areas of West Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh. The cattle and buffalo population increased by 8.56and 39.04 per cent, respectively during the period from 1999 to 2019 in the district. The contribution of buffalo milk to the total milk production of West Godavari district is 85.17 per cent. The mean total number of buffaloes was significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher in Godavari delta area (4.88 ± 0.86) than that in upland (2.13 ± 0.34) area. The mean age at first calving (months) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) lower in graded Murrah (41.72 ± 0.52) and Murrah (39.52 ± 0.70) buffaloes. The service period (days) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) lower in Murrah buffaloes (101.82 ± 4.34) of delta area. There was no significant difference in calving interval between the buffaloes of delta and upland area.The peak yield (litres) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) higher in local buffaloes (5.25 ± 0.13) of delta area. The lactation milk yield (litres) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) higher in local (1050.12 ± 27.54) and Murrah (1942.80 ± 51.3) buffaloes of delta area. The lactation period (days) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) higher (332.75± 3.95) and the dry period (days) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) lower (101.81±2.30) in graded Murrah buffaloes of delta area. Adoption of A.I in buffaloes was significant (p ≤ 0.01) higher in the Godavari delta (87%) than that in upland area (79%). Majority of buffalo milk producers bred their animals between 3-5 months after calving in the Godavari delta (77%). Most of the buffalo milk producers adopted pregnancy diagnosis in the study area (96.50%). The practice of green fodder production was significant (p ≤ 0.01) higher in Godavari delta (79%) than that in upland area (58%). The practice of chaffing of green fodder was very low (1.5%) in the study area. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of buffalo milk producers in upland area (93%) provided home made concentrate mixture. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of the buffalo milk producers practiced soaking of concentrates in delta area (67%) compared to upland area (42%). Most of the buffalo milk producers provided concentrate feed to animals on flat rate basis in Godavari upland (87%) than in delta (83%) area. Supplementation of mineral mixture (42%) and common salt (16%) in the feed was practiced by significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of buffalo milk producers in the delta area. The practice of extra concentrate feeding during advanced pregnancy was significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher in Godavari delta (31%) compared to upland (16%) area. Majority of buffalo milk producers in upland (99%), and delta area (82%) provided drinking water to animals from tube well. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) majority of buffalo milk producers in upland (72%) than in delta area (58%) located the animal shed nearer to their dwelling. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of the respondents in delta area provided pucca flooring (28%) and drainage (21%) in animal houses. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of the respondents of delta area provided cooling devices (25%), wallowing of buffaloes (71%) and practiced cleaning of sheds twice in a day (52%) compared to upland area.Colostrum feeding to new born calf within one hour of birth (91%), weaning of calves (6%) and regular deworming of calves (75%) was practiced by significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of milk producers in Godavari delta area. Washing of animals before milking (53%) and marketing of milk to co-operatives / private diaries (78%) was practiced by significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of milk producers in delta area. Vaccination against BQ was practiced by significant (p ≤ 0.01) majority of milk producers in upland area (60 %). Deworming of adult animals (42%), control of ecto-parasites using insecticides (88%) and isolation of sick animals (30%) was found to be significant (p≤0.01) higher in Godavari delta area. The average gross cost, cost of milk production, gross income and net income of graded Murrah buffalo was significant (p≤ 0.01) higher in Godavari delta area (Rs.191.52, 21.14, 467.79, 276.27, respectively). The average gross cost, cost of milk production and net income of local buffalo was significant (p≤ 0.05) higher in delta area (Rs.105.67, 22.86, 79.25, respectively) and the average gross income was significant (p≤0.01) higher in delta area (184.92) than that in upland area.The average gross cost and cost of milk production of Murrah buffalo was significant (p≤ 0.05) higher in Godavari delta area (207.02 and 20.49, respectively). The average gross income and net income of Murrah buffalo was significant (p≤0.01) higher in Godavari delta area (581.93 and 374.91, respectively). Majority of buffalo milk producers belonged to middle age (76.5%) and were illiterate (41%). Majority of buffalo milk producers had agricultureas main occupation (82%) and dairying as subsidiary occupation (6.5%). Most of the milk producers in study area (33%) were of marginal farmer category. Significant (p≤ 0.01) majority (45.5%)of milk producers had extension contact with veterinarian followed by para veterinarian (33%). High cost of pure bred buffaloes (84.56%), high cost of feed and feed ingredients (73.5%),high incidence of repeat breeding (68%) and anoestrum (67.5%) were found to be some of the major constraints perceived by buffalo milk producers in the study area. Majority of veterinarians expressed problem of inadequate facilities for diagnostic purpose and specialized treatment (100%), not bringing animals in right time for A.I (96%), larger area to be covered for treatment of livestock (94%) and lack of sufficient knowledge to the farmers about the scientific feeding and management of buffaloes (94%) as major constraints in buffalo production of West Godavari district. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810196921 | |
| dc.keywords | BUFFALO; PRODUCTION SYSTEM; DELTA ; UPLAND; AREAS; WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT; ANDHRA PRADESH | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | English | en_US |
| dc.pages | 202 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA | en_US |
| dc.sub | Livestock Production and Management | en_US |
| dc.theme | A STUDY ON BUFFALO PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN DELTA AND UPLAND AREAS OF WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.V.Sc. | en_US |
| dc.title | A STUDY ON BUFFALO PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN DELTA AND UPLAND AREAS OF WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |