AN INSIGHT INTO THE TOXICITY OF DICLOFENAC ALONE AND UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN VARIABLES IN BROILERS
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Date
2007-09
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
A total of 80 sexed male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of a day old age were procured for the study. The chicks were randomly divided into eight groups consisting of ten in each group. All the birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum throughout the experiment. Group 1 was kept as basal diet control (1-32 days), group 2 on basal diet for 32 days + diclofenac (0.8 mg/kg body weight I/M) on day 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32, group 3 on basal diet for 32 days + cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body weight I/M once daily) from day 20 to 23, group 4 on high protein, high calcium, low vitamin A (HPHC) diet (1-32 days), group 5 on basal diet+ diclofenac + cyclophosphamide (as per the schedule), group 6 on HPHC + diclofenac (as per the schedule), group 7 on HPHC + cyclophosphamide (as per the schedule) and group 8 on HPHC + diclofenac+ cyclophosphamide (as per the schedule). Diclofenac in combination with cyclophosphamide (groups 5 and 8) was given after confirming immunosuppression by performing HI and PHA tests. Studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress including antioxidant defenses, sero-biochemical parameters, histopathology and electron microscopy were done after 32 days of experiment. The results revealed a significant (P< 0.05) increase in the activity of TBARS (liver and kidney), SOD, catalase, GGT and ALT, and concentration of BUN, creatinine, total prteins and globulins (blood), while there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the concentration of GSH in liver and kidney, albumin, A/G ratio, PGE2 and immunological profile (blood) in the groups given diclofenac either alone or in combination with other variables. The histological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, bursa and heart revealed lesions of mild to marked severity in different combinations. Visceral gout was prominent in groups 6 and 8. From the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that diclofenac has the toxic potential in poultry at sub-therapeutic doses and further the toxic effects are more pronounced under the influence of immunosuppressants and HPHC diet. These findings on diclofenac confirm the reports on vultures as far as the toxic effects are concerned, though the mortality in poultry is not very high at the dose tested, which may be due to the reason that both these species belong to two separate infraclasses (Eoaves and Neoaves, respectively). This is regarded as one of the deepest phylogenetic branches amongst living birds.
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