Combining ability analysis for yield and quality parameter in sugarcane (Saccharum sp. Complex)
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Date
2018-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Sugarcane is a major crop of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide and belongs to the family Gramineae , tribe Andropogoneae, sub tribe Saccaharinineae, genus Saccharum. Sugarcane varieties are complex poly-ploids and their chromosome number varies from 2n = 100 to 120 or more. The yield and quality components in sugarcane are quantitative in nature and governed by poly genes, which are largely influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to judge what proportion of observed variation of a particular character is heritable or due to environmental variation along with the transmissibility of the character. The knowledge of combining ability (ability of a genotype to transmit superior performance to its crosses) together with per se performance of the parents and hybrids, and heterotic response helps the breeders in selecting suitable parents and crosses for their use in a systematic
breeding programme. Several techniques are available to elucidate the genetic makeup of the parents with respect to their ability to transmit characters of interest. Among those, the present study utilized Line × Tester and NC-I mating design to evaluate the genetic potential of parents based on the General Combining Ability estimates for different characters in Sugarcane. The crosses were attempted at National Hybridization Garden at Sugarcane Breeding Institute; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu for both Line × tester design and NCD-I mating and later on evaluation of progenies were carried out at the Sugarcane Breeding Experimental Block of Norman Borlaug Crop Research Centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand during 2013-2017. The observations were recorded for eight morphological and five quality traits and analyzed through standard statistical procedures of the mating designs. General combining ability analysis from Line × Tester design revealed that Co Pant 99213 was a good general combiner for germination percent, number of tillers and number of millable canes, while Co Pant 94213 found good combiner for Brixpercent, pol value, sucrose percent and C.C.S. percent. Tester, Co Pant 97222 had good general combining ability for germination percent and number of tillers. Results of North Carolina Design Irevealed that Co 775 exhibited positive significant gca values for Cane Height, Pol value, Sucrose percent and C.C.S. Percent, which is sufficient to conclude that this is gooddonor for these traits. Highheritability accompanied by higher genetic advance under selection was found in case of Germination Percent, number of tiller, NMC(000/ha), and Pol value, reflecting predominance of additive genetic effect for these traits. These traits could be used as indices for selection under Sugarcane improvement programme. Results of heterosis analysis concluded with the identification of two best hybrids namely Co Pant 84212 × Co Pant 97222 and Co Pant 99213 × Co Pant 97222 which can be promoted through vegetative propagation for yield trials. As the F1 progenies in Sugarcane offers segregation and transgressive recombinant, the best clones with high sugar and early maturing sugarcane can be selected from the progenies of these crosses for identification of superior clones to develop improved sugarcane varieties.
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