EVALUATION OF PLANT PRODUCTS AND OTHER NOVEL METHODS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLY Bactrocera spp. INFESTING CUCUMBER
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Date
2012
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present studies on “Evaluation of plant products and other novel methods for the
management of fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. infesting cucumber” were conducted in laboratory as well as
field conditions. In laboratory studies, different concentration of azadirachtin (Econeem 10,000 ppm)
(0.005, 0.01 and 0.015%), neem oil (1, 2 and 3%), Daman 1% WP (B. bassiana) (0.1, 0.5 and 1%),
pongamia oil (1, 2 and 3%) and clay (6, 8 and 10%) were evaluated for oviposition deterrence.
Azadirachtin (0.015%) followed by neem oil (3%), Daman (1%) and clay (10%) proved effective with
89.09, 80.24, 83.40 and 89.29 per cent oviposition deterrence over control, respectively. Cucumber
slices when dipped in pongamia oil (1, 2 and 3%) caused degradation in the tissues due to which
further studies could not be carried out under laboratory conditions. Egg hatchability in different
treatments was worked out. Azadirachtin (0.015%), neem oil (3%), Daman (1%) and clay (10%)
resulted in minimum 32.75, 59.47, 39.79 and 61.00 per cent egg hatch with 2.5, 1.5, 2.2 and 1.5 times
decrease over control. Best treatments obtained in the laboratory studies were also evaluated in the
field for their efficacy to check fruit fly infestation. Azadirachtin @ 0.01 per cent and Daman @ 1 per
cent proved equally effective in checking fruit fly infestation with 31.20 and 37.74 per cent followed
by neem oil (3%) where 40.78 per cent fruits were found infested. Pongamia oil (2 and 3%) evaluated
in the field resulted in 46.12 and 48.12 per cent fruit infestation, respectively. In clay treatments, 44.98
and 43.03 per cent fruit infestation was recorded at 8 and 10 per cent concentration, respectively. All
the treatments were superior over control (65.19%). The highest yield (3.1 kg/plot) was obtained in
0.01 per cent azadirachtin treated plots followed by neem oil (2.7 kg/plot) applied @ 3 per cent and
Daman 1% WP (2.5 kg/plot) @ 1 per cent concentration. In pongamia oil and clay treatments the yield
ranged between 2.2 to 2.6 kg/plot in comparison to 1.8 kg/plot in control. The yields/plot were
inversely proportional to fruit infestation. In field evaluation, in all the treatments no phytotoxicity
symptoms were observed. Based on these studies, azadirachtin (Econeem 10,000 ppm) and Daman can
be included in the module for integrated pest management against fruit flies. Clay needs to be further
evaluated by using commercial formulation (Surround 50 WP) which has better adherence to surface
and hence may prove better.