MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN GOATS OF WAYANAD DISTRICT
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Date
2019-10-18
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COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, POOKODE WAYANAD
Abstract
The present study on “Molecular detection and clinico-therapeutic studies of
anaplasmosis in goats of Wayanad district” was carried out at the Department of
Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Pookode during the period from March to December 2018. The aim
of the study was to find out the occurrence of anaplasmosis in goats of Wayanad
district, molecular detection and differentiation of Anaplasma organisms by PCR, to
study the hemato-biochemical alterations associated with caprine anaplasmosis and for
evaluating the treatment response in caprine anaplasmosis. Blood samples from 120
goats with clinical signs of anaemia, anorexia and tick infestation were subjected to
detailed blood smear examination and PCR. Hematological and serum biochemical
parameters were evaluated. Out of the total samples examined, 20 samples which were
supposed to be positive by blood smear examination were negative on PCR and other
22 samples which were positive on PCR were negative by blood smear examination.
Positive samples were send for sequencing and all the goats were having Anaplasma
bovis infection. The main clinical signs exhibited by goats with A.bovis infection were
anaemia, anorexia, fever, debility, loss of appetite, jaundice and swollen pre-scapular
lymph nodes. The overall incidence of anaplasmosis was 18.33 per cent. Females were
commonly affected than males. More number of animals within age group of one to
two years were affected with A.bovis. Hematology revealed significant increase in
WBC count while hemoglobin, VPRC and MCH values showed significant decrease
during the period of infection. Serum biochemistry revealed significant increase in total
protein and albumin levels.
Positive animals were divided randomly into two treatment groups. Group 1
was treated with oxytetracycline @ 20mg/kg body weight intravenously for three days
and Group II with long acting enrofloxacin @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly.
Excellent clinical and hematological response were observed in both treatment groups
by fourth day. Since the A.bovis organisms detected prior to the treatment disappeared
on fourth and fourteenth day on PCR from all animals in both treatment groups, both
enrofloxacin or oxytetracycline were equally effective in treating anaplasmosis caused
by A. bovis. Polymerase chain reaction was highly sensitive compared to blood smear
examination in detecting A.bovis.