GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE, QUALITY AND YIELD TRAITS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2018
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Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
Abstract
The present experiment entitled “Genetic analysis of moisture stress tolerance, quality and yield traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” was carried out at the Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh from 2014 to 2016. The whole experiment was carried out in two separate experiments. In the Experiment-I, fifteen crosses were generated by crossing six parents viz., Dharani, TCGS 1073, Kadiri 6, Narayani, ICGV 06100 and ICGV 06188 in a diallel fashion and were evaluated during rabi, 2014-15 under irrigated condition and late rabi, 2015 under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions to get the information on their per se performance, combining ability and heterosis for twenty two traits including yield, yield attributing traits, quality and moisture stress tolerance traits. Further, an attempt was made to study the trait associations and best cultivar identification among parents using G×T biplot analysis. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes (parents and F1s) for most of the traits in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated condition and in late rabi, 2015 under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material for most of the traits under consideration.
Based on per se performance among the parents, the parent ICGV-06188 and ICGV-06100 in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated while, in late rabi, 2015 the parents ICGV-06100 and ICGV-06188 under irrigated and ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 under moisture stress condition showed high per se performance for most of the traits. Among 15 cross combinations, the cross TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Dharani × ICGV-06100 in rabi 2014-15 under irrigated condition, while in late rabi, 2015 the cross TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Narayani × ICGV-06100 under irrigated condition and Narayani × ICGV-06188 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 under moisture stress condition were found to be the best crosses as they recorded high per se performance for quality, yield attributes and drought related traits. Hence, these parents and crosses could be exploited for development of cultivars with high yield coupled with quality and drought tolerance cultivars.
Based on the gca effects, the parents, ICGV-06100, ICGV-06188 and TCGS-1073 during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the parents, ICGV-06100, Dharani and TCGS-1073 under irrigated and ICGV-06100, TCGS-1073, ICGV-06188
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and Narayani under moisture stress condition were identified as best general combiners for most of the traits. Studies on sca effects revealed that the crosses viz., Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100, Dharani × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100, TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the crosses viz., TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100 and Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100 under irrigated condition and Narayani × ICGV-06188, TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Dharani × Kadiri-6 under moisture stress condition were identified as best specific cross combinations for most of the traits. Hence, these crosses could be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants in advanced generations with increased pod yield per plant and drought tolerance ability. Based on estimates of better parent heterosis, the cross Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 and Kadiri-6 × ICGV-06100 during rabi, 2014-15, while during late rabi, 2015 the cross Narayani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 under irrigated and Narayani × ICGV-06188 under moisture stress conditions exhibited positive and significant better parent heterosis for most of the traits. Hence, these crosses could be exploited for obtaining transgressive segregants in advanced generations with increased pod yield per plant and drought tolerance ability.
Based on traits association analysis using GT biplots, the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, SCMR, number of well filled and mature pods per plant, 100- kernel weight, oil per cent, total carbohydrates and total free amino acids were identified as important traits for yield, quality and drought tolerance improvement in groundnut and these traits would be considered as key components during the selection. Similarly, it was concluded that the genotype ICGV-06188 during rabi and ICGV-06100 during late rabi under both irrigated and moisture stress condition were identified as ideal cultivars.
In the Experiment-II, generation mean analysis was done to assess the gene action for yield and drought related traits in four best cross combinations viz., TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100, Narayani × ICGV-06100, Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani selected based on the performance on various parameters in Experiment-I. Generation mean analysis for yield, quality and drought traits in selected crosses deciphered the importance of epistatic effects besides the major components viz., additive and dominance gene effects for most of the traits in majority of the crosses under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions. Though both additive and non additive gene actions were significant, non additive gene actions played predominant role in the inheritance of the majority of the traits. Majority of the traits are under the influence of duplicate epistasis besides additive type of gene effects for which bi-parental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection may be adopted followed by pedigree method of selection to modify the genetic architecture of groundnut for attaining higher yields with drought tolerance. TCGS-1073 × ICGV-06100 could be exploited for development of desirable segregants in groundnut for pod yield along with drought tolerance. Among four selected crosses, the cross Dharani × ICGV-06100 and TCGS-1073 × Narayani exhibited positive and significant better parent heterosis coupled with significant and low inbreeding depression for most of the characters under both irrigated and moisture stress conditions and could be suggested for exploitation of vigour and transgressive segregants in the latter generations for improvement of groundnut genotypes with high yield coupled with quality and drought tolerance.
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D5721
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