PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTENT AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SELECTED WHOLE AND PROCESSED FOOD GRAINS GROWN IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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dc.contributor.advisorUMA MAHESWARI, K
dc.contributor.authorDIVYA, K
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-01T14:28:12Z
dc.date.available2016-06-01T14:28:12Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractThe use of pesticides has become inevitable in agriculture due to diverse reasons. Farmers are compelled to administer pesticides owing to the affluence of pests, eventually affecting the yield and quality of crops grown. This certainly affects the economy of farmer and the nation as a whole. Consequently, there is excessive use of pesticides to combat the issues. Pesticide usage is age old and over the decades, there have been various alterations in the pattern of usage owing to surged awareness. Therefore, the current investigation was undertaken to estimate pesticide residues in selected food grains grown in the Central Telangana Zone (Warangal, Medak and Khammam) of Andhra Pradesh. The crops selected for the study were jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram. The recommended package of practices of pesticide usage by the farmers was studied using structured questionnaire specifically developed for the study. The selected food samples were analyzed for nutritional quality (standard procedure given by AOAC) and pesticide residue content in two forms i.e. whole and processed forms. The nutritional parameters analyzed were moisture, protein, fat, ash, fibre and carbohydrate. The pesticide residues analyzed were monocrotophos, acephate, chloropyrifos, quinalphos, carbofuran and endosulfan (Sharma 2007). The results revealed most of the farmers (40.0%) were illiterates, followed by 28% studied up to 1st to 5 th class, 20.0% studied up to 6th and 10th class, 9.0% studied up to intermediate and only 3.3% were with degree qualification. Besides agriculture farmers were exploring ancillary occupation such as horticulture (10 .0%), poultry (14.0%) and dairy (69.0%). Major crops grown by the farmers in the area during kharif season were maize (60%), jowar (32.0%), blackgram (16.0%) and bengalgram (10.0%). The major crops grown during rabi season were maize (34.0%), jowar (36.0%) , blackgram (29.0%) and bengalgram (10.0%). Fifty to seventy percent of the farmers were getting the yield per acre as recommended by Central Telangana Zone, Warangal. Maximum percent of the farmers (50 -60 %) were applying the pesticides more than the recommended level for various crops. Pre processing techniques adopted by the farmers were dehulling for blackgram, bengalgram and jowar, popping for maize, germination technique for jowar and bengalgram and flour making process for all the four samples. The post processing techniques adopted by the farmers were washing and soaking for blackgram, bengalgram and jowar, roasting for maize and bengalgram and boiling for maize and bengalgram. The moisture content of whole and processed jowar was 10.21% and 10.60% respectively. It was 10.34g % and 10. 80 g% for whole and processed maize respectively. The whole and processed blackgram contained 9.65 g% and 10.60 g % moisture respectively. The moisture content was 7.65 g% and 8.50 g% in whole and processed bengalgram. The protein content was 8.88 g%, 7.77 g%, 21.82 g% and 21.48 g% in whole jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 8.95 g%, 8.17 g%, 23.88 g% and 23.41 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The fat content was 1.70 g% and 1.87 g% in whole and processed jowar. The whole and processed maize contained 1.25 g% and 1.51 g% of fat respectively. The fat content was 0.98 g% and 1.64 g% in whole and processed blackgram. It was 3.97 g% and 4.30 g% for whole and processed bengalgram respectively. The ash content of whole and processed jowar was 1.50 mg% and 1.65 mg% respectively. It was 1.30 mg% and 1.64 mg% for whole and processed maize respectively. The whole and processed blackgram contained 3.69 mg% and 4.30 mg% ash respectively. The ash content was 3.09 mg% and 3.78 mg% in whole and processed bengalgram. The fibre content was 1.30 g%, 2.68 g%, 2.81g% and 2.68 g% in whole jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 0.95 g%, 1.97 g%, 0.78 g% and 1.85 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The carbohydrate content was 76.66 g%, 76.63 g%, 57.86 g% and 61.13 g% in whole jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 75.96 g%, 75.89 g%, 56.78 g% and 58.14 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. Statistically significant difference at 5% level was observed with regard to all the nutrients analysed between the whole and the processed samples, except protein in jowar and maize, fat and ash in jowar and carbohydrate in jowar, maize and blackgram. The pesticide residues analyzed in selected whole and processed food grains were below the detection limits (BDL). Residues of pesticides are relatively less likely to persist in cereals and pulses than in vegetables or fruits. The amounts of residues thus, detected are low to negligible. This perhaps was due to the fact that cereals and pulses contained low moisture content, thus not enabling pesticide residues to persist. Farmers in the zone experienced many health implications as a consequence of unsafe handling and application of pesticides, due to lack of knowledge .There is a need to educate the farmers about ill health effects of not taking proper precautions during the application of pesticides and to avoid the minor and major health aliments. Most of the pre and post processing techniques adopted by the farmers such as drying, dehulling, decortication and milling etc., may result in ultimately below detectable levels of pesticide residues in whole and processed food grains indicating the safety of use of food grains produced by the farmers by applying monocrotophos, endosulfan, acephate, quinalphos, chloripyriphos and acephate pesticides at the point of study.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66554
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesD8928;
dc.subHome Science
dc.subjectpesticides, grain, sampling, maize, selection, biological phenomena, pesticide residues, crops, chromatography, cerealsen_US
dc.subjectPESTICIDE, FOOD GRAINS, TELANGANAen_US
dc.subjectpesticides, grain, sampling, maize, selection, biological phenomena, pesticide residues, crops, chromatography, cerealsen_US
dc.these.typeM.Sc
dc.titlePESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTENT AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SELECTED WHOLE AND PROCESSED FOOD GRAINS GROWN IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESHen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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