IMPACT OF DAIRY FARMING ON LIVELIHOOD OF DAIRY FARMERS.
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Date
2019-12-24
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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra.
Abstract
Dairy farming is a part of the livestock sector and plays a significant role in sustaining rural livelihood in developing countries like India. The dairy farming can help in poverty reduction and can ensure sustainable livelihood for the people. Crop farming is the major source of income in many countries like India. However climate change, increasing cost of production, low productivity and reduced net gain are limited to support peoples livelihoods. Dairy farming is also significant sector supporting the livelihoods of farmers in multiple manners. Dairy farming not only holds potential to be income generating source but also viable solution of poverty, malnutrition and hunger. Dairy farming is one of the most important activities of the rural population of our country.
The study entitled “Impact of dairy farming on livelihood of dairy farmers” was conducted in Akola and Amravati districts of Maharashtra state during 2018-19. The selection of these districts was done on the basis of maximum milk production which ultimately leads to the large dairy farmers. The present study was based on Ex-post facto Research Design of Social Research. The list of villages adopting highest dairy farming and milk production was obtained from respective district dairy development officer. From the list, 20 villages were selected purposively. A list of dairy farmers was obtained from the respective milk collection centers of villages. Two hundred (200) dairy farmers who have at least 3 or more number of milch animals kept for 5 years were selected by random sampling method. Data were collected by personally interviewing the respondents with the help of well-structured interview schedule and data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.
The characteristics of the dairy farmers like age, education, family size, family type, land holding, herd size, type of breed, experience in dairy farming, annual income, extension contact, daily sale of milk, scientific orientation, risk preference, economic motivation, knowledge and adoption of modern dairying and animal husbandry practices by dairy farmers were studied as independent variables. Impact on livelihood of dairy farmers as dependent variable and also constraints faced by the dairy farmers in deriving benefits were studied.
The salient findings of the present study revealed that little more than one-half (53.00 %) of the dairy farmers belonged to the middle age group between 36 to 50 years. Exactly one-half (50.00 %) of the dairy farmers were educated up to secondary school (8th to 10th std.) level. Nearly one-half (49.00 %) of the dairy farmers had medium family size (05 to 07 members). Majority i.e. 78.50 per cent belonged to nuclear type family. Exactly one-third (33.00 %) of dairy farmers possessed small land holding (up to 1.01 to 2.00 ha.). More than two third i.e. 76.50 per cent of dairy farmers possessed medium (07 to 14 animals) herd size. Majority of dairy farmers 79.00 per cent possessed descript breeds (Local breeds). Majority of dairy farmers (63.00 %) had medium dairy farming experience i.e. between 09 to 25 years.
In case of total annual income 68.50 per cent of the dairy farmers had medium level of annual income i.e. (Rs. 200001 to 400000). The majority 64.50 per cent of the dairy farmers had medium extension contact. The majority of the dairy farmers (92.50 %) had medium level of daily sale of milk i.e. 12 to 34 litres. Majority (71.50 %) belonged to medium level of scientific orientation. Majority of the dairy farmers i.e. 58.50 per cent had medium level of risk preference. More than half number i.e. 57.00 per cent had medium level of economic motivation.
The majority (93.50 %) of dairy farmers had high level of knowledge. Over three fourth i.e. 81.50 per cent had medium level of adoption about the modern dairying and animal husbandry practices.
Regarding the extent of overall livelihood of dairy farmers, majority i.e. 93.00 per cent dairy farmers were in medium level, while remaining 07.00 per cent were in high level of livelihood. Regarding the impact of dairy farming on livelihood of dairy farmers all the livelihood indicators of respondents were significantly increased during the period of dairy farming. The per cent change were increased by 72.62 per cent, 67.46 per cent, 58.01 per cent, 49.62 per cent, 31.35 per cent and 21.48 per cent in case of physical capital, natural capital, financial capital, social capital, human capital and food security respectively.
The overall impact of dairy farming on the livelihood of dairy farmers was increased by 41.02 per cent.
The findings of relational analysis revealed that, amongst personal, socio-economic, communication and psychological characteristics of dairy farmers; land holding, annual income, extension contact, daily sale of milk, scientific orientation, economic motivation, knowledge and adoption were having highly and positively significant relationship with the livelihood of dairy farmers at 0.01 level of probability, while age, education, family size, herd size and experience in dairy farming were found to be significantly correlated at 0.05 level of probability with livelihood of dairy farming. There was significant and positive contribution of family type and land holding at 0.05 level of probability, while the daily sale of milk, scientific orientation, economic motivation, knowledge and adoption were positively and significantly contributed with livelihood of dairy farmers at 0.01 level of probability. Coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.63 that means all selected independent variables jointly explain significant amount of variation.
Regarding financial constraints 96.50 per cent had expressed the constraints about high cost of mineral mixture. Constraints regarding to feeding practices, 97.00 per cent respondents had constraint about inadequacy of green fodder round the year. As regards to fodder production constraints, about 46.00 per cent respondents had expressed about lack of technical guidance for fodder production. In situational constraints lack of knowledge about machineries was the major constraint faced by 90.00 per cent respondents. In technical constraints majority i.e. 41.00 per cent of the respondents had encountered constraint like lack of scientific knowledge about improved dairy farming practices. As regards to breeding constraints 36.50 per cent respondents had faced constraints about distantly located AI centre. In selling of milk, 99.00 per cent of the respondents had expressed constraint about low price of milk.
Regarding suggestions cent per cent of the dairy farmers suggested the better price for their milk. Cost of feed materials, veterinary services should be reduced (94.50 %), loan facility with lower interest rates for purchase of animals should be made available (89.50 %), market for purchase of animals should be arranged in nearby vicinity (89.00 %), availability of the credit and subsidy facilities for purchase of feed concentrates, improved machineries and other (81.50 %) and training regarding improved dairying practices has to be organized (75.50 %) were the major suggestions given by majority of the dairy farmers.
Description
The present investigation was carried out in Akola and Amravati districts in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state during the year 2018-19. The present study was based on Ex-post-facto-Research Design of social research. Two hundred dairy farmers who have atleast three or more number of milch animals kept for five years and selling the milk to retail, hotels, industry, firm, procurement centres and use for preparing milk products were selected by random sampling method.
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Citation
KOLI RAMESH TATYASAHEB. (2019). Impact of dairy farming on livelihood of dairy farmers. Department of extension education, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Ph. D. 2019. Print. xviii, 251p. (Unpublished).