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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF NON-GM COTTON ADVANCE LINES TO VARYING LEVELS OF N UNDER RAINFED ORGANIC CULTIVATION IN VIDARBHA REGION OF INDIA.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2022-12-06) CHINTHALA, MOUNIKA.; Kadu, Dr. P. R.The present investigation entitled “Response of non-GM cotton advance lines to varying levels of N under rainfed organic cultivation In Vidarbha Region of India” was conducted at Research Farm Centre for Organic Agriculture Research and Training (COART), Department of Agronomy and Department of SSAC, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Kharif 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in FRBD with eight treatments, each replicated thrice. Vermicompost, an organic manure is used as a source of nutrient. The soils of the experimental field has swell-shrink property, classified under Vertisol order. The clay loam texture soil was low in available nitrogen and phosphorus content, whereas, sufficiently high in potassium content. After organic cotton experimentation, significantly highest reduction in bulk density of soil (1.24 Mg m-3), higher improvement in water holding capacity (58.22 %) and highest (5.67 g kg-1) organic carbon content was recorded in the treatment T4 where 60 kg N ha-1 was supplied through vermicompost to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). Lowest value of pH (7.57) and EC (0.25 ds m-1) were registered in treatment T2 where 60 kg N ha-1 was supplied through vermicompost to Arboreum cultivar (AVC 14). Significantly highest available nitrogen (228 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (23.19 kg ha-1) and available potassium (351 kg ha-1) were recorded in the treatment T2 where 60 kg N ha-1 was given through vermicompost to Arboreum cultivar (AVC 14). Highest value of DTPA extractable micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn were registered with treatment T2 where 60kg N ha-1 was applied through vermicompost to Arboreum cultivar (AVC 14). Significantly highest uptake of N (69.71 kg ha-1), P (15.6 kg ha-1) and K (66.28 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment T4 supplied with 60 kg N ha-1 by vermicompost to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). T4 treatment with an application of vermicompost @60 kg N ha-1 to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1) recorded significantly higher seed cotton (1508 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3770 kg ha-1). Growth parameters like plant height, number of sympodia, number of bolls per plant were highest in T4 treatment supplemented with 60 kg N ha-1 by vermicompost to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). Highest crop stand (114) is observed in with treatment T2 where 60 kg N ha-1 was applied through vermicompost to Arboreum cultivar (AVC 14). Ginning percentage and lint index were highest in treatment T4 supplemented with 60 kg N ha-1 by vermicompost to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). The highest staple length was registered with T4 treatment where 60 kg N ha-1 supplied to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). Treatment T1 and T2 recorded highest micronaire value (0.88x 10-6 g inch-1) in Arboreum cultivar (AVC 14). Highest fibre strength (32.17g tex-1) and uniformity ratio (84%) was registered in T7 supported with 40kg N ha-1 Hirsutum cultivar (GHV 8023), it is at par with treatment T4 supplimented with 60kg N ha-1 to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1). An application of vermicompost @60 kg N ha-1 to Hirsutum cultivar (Chetna J1) showed highest B:C ratio. Thus it can be concluded that, application of vermicompost as a source of organic manure significantly improves the physical properties, chemical properties, growth parameters, fibre quality parameters and yield performance of cotton. Hence an application of 60 kg N ha-1 through vermicompost to Non GM cultivars of cotton found to be beneficial for organically grown cotton under rainfed agricultural system.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND FERTIGATION LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHILLI.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2019-12-16) NANDESHWAR, VIKKI NARENDRA.; Bharad, Dr. S. G.The present study entitled “Effect of planting geometry and fertigation levels on growth, yield and quality of chilli” was carried at University Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combination and each treatment was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of three planting geometry (S) viz., S1 (90 cm x 90 cm), S2 (90 cm x 60 cm) and S3 (90 cm x 45 cm) and three fertigation levels (F) viz., F1 (RDF @ 150:50:50 NPK kg ha-1 through soil application), F2 (100% RDF through fertigation) and F3 (80% RDF through fertigation). An observation recorded in respect of plant growth, yield and yield attributing, biochemical parameters, available soil nutrient status, uptake of nutrients, fertilizer use efficiency, pests and disease incidence and economics of the treatments. Amongst the different planting geometry, the treatment S3 (90 cm × 45 cm) was found to be the best treatment in respect to maximum increased the growth parameters viz., plant height, stem diameter, plant spread and leaf area. Similarly, the same treatment was found best in respect of yield and yield contributing and quality parameters viz., fruit length, diameter of fruit, number of fruits per plant, average fresh weight of fruit per plant (g), green and dry fruits yield per plant (kg), yield (q ha-1), ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and crude protein contents. The fertigation level F3 (80% RDF through fertigation) was found to be the best treatment in respect to maximum increased the growth parameters viz., plant height, stem diameter, plant spread and leaf area. The yield and yield contributing characters viz., fruit length, diameter of fruit, number of fruits per plant, average fresh weight of fruit per plant (g), green and dry fruits yield per plant (kg) and yield (q ha-1) was achieved maximum by the application of 80% RDF through fertigation. Similarly, the quality parameters viz., ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and crude protein content were also found maximum in same treatment. Interaction effect of planting geometry and fertigation levels, the treatment combination S3F3 (90 cm × 45 cm + 80% RDF through fertigation) was found superior for obtaining maximum yield and better quality of chilli with higher net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio. The highest uptake of nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and maximum fertilizer use efficiency was recorded at spacing 90 cm × 45 cm along with the application of 80% RDF through fertigation (S3F3). The interaction effect between planting geometry and fertigation levels i.e., S3 F3 (90 cm × 45 cm + 80% RDF through fertigation) was found superior for obtaining maximum growth, yield and better quality of chilli with higher net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio.ThesisItem Open Access FERTIGATION STUDIES IN BITTER GOURD.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2021-07-20) KSHIRSAGAR, SNEHA KUNDLIK.; Nagre, Dr. P. K.The present investigation entitiled “Fertigation studies in bitter gourd” was carried out during 2018-2019 (Kharif season) and 2019-2020 (Summer season) at the Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS) to study the effect of different fertigation levels and intervals on growth, yield, quality, soil nutrient status, total nutrient status and economics of bitter gourd and to find out suitable combination of fertigation levels and intervals for higher yield and better fruit quality of bitter gourd. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with two replications. The main plot treatment consist of five fertigation levels (F) viz., F1- 100% of RDF through soil as a straight fertilizer, F2- 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer , F3- 100% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer, F4¬¬- 80% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer, and F5- 60% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer and sub plot treatment included three Fertigation intervals (S) viz.,S1- at 4 days interval, S2- at 8 days interval and S3- at 12 days interval. It was observed that the growth and yield parameters of bitter gourd were significantly influenced by the different fertigation levels and intervals. The results revealed that the fertigation levels F2 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) and fertigation interval S1 i.e 4 days interval found to produce significantly maximum vegetative growth in terms of vine length and number of branches at all growth stages, leaf area, number of female flowers and fruit set (%). The interaction of these both treatments F2S1 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals exhibited same results during both the season and pooled mean. The characters related to flowering viz., days to first male flower appears, days to first female flower appears and node at which first female flower appears were observed significantly earliest and lowest in the fertigation levels F2 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) and fertigation interval S1 i.e 4 days interval during both the season and pooled mean. The interaction of both best factors F2S1 i.e. 120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer with 4 days intervals during both the season. The minimum male: female ratio (10.07 and 11.28 respectively) was observed in fertigation level F5 (60% of RDF through water soluble) and with fertigation interval S3 (fertigation at 12 days intervals) during both the season and pooled mean. whereas the combination F5S3 i.e. 60% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 12 days intervals during kharif season and pooled mean (9.20 and 10.35 respectively) and F1S1 (100% of RDF through soil as straight fertilizer with 4 days intervals) found minimum male: female ratio (11.10) during summer season. The fertigation levels F2 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation)) and fertigation interval S1 (4 days intervals) also recorded significantly maximum yield attributing characters like fruit set (87.24, 68.90 and 78.07 respectively) and (85.32, 67.05 and 76.19 respectively), number of fruits per vine ( 36.90, 32.77 and 34.83 respectively) and (35.36, 30.90 and 33.13 respectively), average fruit weight (105.27, 97.03 and 101.15 gm respectively) and (100.42, 93.67 and 97.04 gm respectively),fruit yield (3.90, 3.20 and 3.55 kg/vine respectively) and (3.62, 2.94 and 3.28 kg/vine respectively) and yield per ha (194.93, 159.82 and 177.37 q/ha respectively) and (180.97, 146.85 and 163.91 q/ha respectively) was found during both the season and pooled mean. While interaction F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals) recorded significantly maximum like number of fruits per plant (41.40, 35.90 and 38.65), average fruit weight (114.04, 106.06 and 110.05 gm), fruit yield (4.72, 3.80 and 4.26 kg/vine) and yield per ha (236.10, 190.18 and 213.14 q/ha) respectively. The quality attributes viz., fruit length (cm) and fruit diameter (cm) were also recorded significantly maximum in the fertigation levels F2 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation)), fertigation intervals (4 days interval) and interaction effect treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days interval) during both the season and pooled mean. The fertigation levels F2 , fertigation interval S1 and interaction effect treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (Fertigation) with 4 days intervals) recorded significantly maximum total NPK uptake and available soil nutrients in both the season. Considering higher yield, quality and B:C ratio (1:3.85 during kharif season and 1:4.62 during summer season) the treatment F2S1 (120% of RDF through water soluble fertilizer (fertigation) with 4 days interval) can be considered as a best treatment.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGATION MEDIA ON ROOTING OF MARIGOLD CUTTINGS AND IT’S FIELD PERFORMANCE(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2020-01-11) LOKHANDE, SUSHMA BANSI; Dalal, Dr. S. R.A field investigation entitled " Effect of different propagation media on rooting of marigold cuttings and it’s field performance " was carried out during the years 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Floriculture Unit, Department of Horticulture, Dr. PDKV, Akola with the objectives to study the effect of different propagation media on rooting of cutting, growth, flowering, yield and quality of marigold and to find out suitable propagation media for higher and better quality flower production of marigold. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of twelve different propagating medias viz. soil, sand, vermicompost, FYM, cocopeat, soil + sand (1:1), soil+ vermicompost (1:1), soil + FYM (1:1), sand + vermicompost (1:1), sand + FYM (1:1), soil + sand + vermicompost (1::1:1) and soil + sand + FYM (1:1:1). The result of the present investigation indicated that, significantly minimum days to callusing, maximum roots plant-1, root length as well as leaf area of marigold cuttings were recorded with the vermicompost media. Whereas, significantly minimum days to rooting, maximum rooting success, leaves plant-1 were recorded under the cocopeat media. Performance of transplanted marigold plants in respect of growth parameters viz. plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, weight of fresh biomass as well as leaf area were noticed significantly maximum in the plants obtained from the vermicompost media. Whereas, maximum plant spread was noted under the plants obtained from cocopeat media. Similarly, significantly minimum days for emergence of first flower bud, 50 per cent flowering, days to first harvesting and maximum blooming period of marigold were observed in the plants obtained from vermicompost media. Flower yield in respect of weight of flowers plant-1, number of flowers plant-1, flower yield plant-1, plot-1 and ha-1 were harvested significantly maximum in the plants obtained from vermicompost media. Flower quality parameters viz, diameter of fully opened flower, weight of petals flower-1,shelf life and vase life of flower were found to be the best with vermicompost media. However, longevity of intact flower was noted maximum under the cocopeat media. In economic analysis, the vermicompost media recorded maximum B:C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF CHICKPEA USING VEGETATION INDICES BASED CROP COEFFICIENTS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2022-11-28) AKKARA, MONCY S.; Pimpale, Dr. A. R.Ever growing water demand of world along with the severe reduction in water availability- quantitatively and qualitatively, necessitates monitoring and management of existing water resources in the best possible way. Agriculture being major shareholder of fresh water consumption calls for an immediate action to adopt proper irrigation methods and develop technology to make judicious use of water. Better estimation of irrigation water requirements is essential for water conservation aspects as well as better yield and economic aspects. Evapotranspiration being the major consumptive use of irrigation water, crop evapotranspiration represents crop water requirement and is calculated by FAO-56 procedures based on literature derived crop coefficients. Irrigation scheduling based on literature derived crop coefficients often leads to over irrigation due to the non optimal actual field conditions and spatial and temporal variations in Kc. Remotely sensed multispectral vegetation indices (VIs) have similar pattern as that of crop coefficients (Kc). Hence, Kc can be modelled using VIs. The Kc derived from VI responds to actual field conditions and captures spatial variability. Thus, VI based approach can be used for crop identification, acreage estimation and precision irrigation management. Furthermore, yield and quality of moisture sensitive chickpea crop can be considerably increased by applying precise irrigation in critical stages though it is a rabi crop. The present investigation entitled ‘Estimation of Evapotranspiration of Chickpea using Vegetation Indices Based Crop Coefficients’ was undertaken with major objective of identifying the most appropriate VI having highest correlation with crop coefficients of rabi chickpea crop in order to estimate the water demand. The study was conducted in Akola district located in Maharashtra. Multidate Sentinel 2 A (MSI sensor) satellite images were used to extract most commonly used vegetation indices RVI, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI. The spectral behaviour of the chickpea crop suggested that the VIs follow a similar pattern to crop coefficients. The two stage hybrid classification technique of remote sensing was employed to compute the crop acreage. The results showed an overestimation of 3.12% than the crop statistics published by the Department of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra. The values of multi-date vegetation indices RVI, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI were distributed according to the age of the crop on each day of satellite data acquisition. Simple linear regression analysis was applied to derive the relationship between the mean weekly VI values and the week-wise crop coefficients (Kc) recommended by MPKV Rahuri and the relationships were established in the form of prediction models. All the vegetation indices exhibited good correlation with crop coefficients (Kc) with high R² values. However, NDWI-Kc model outperformed all other regression models. NDWI-Kc model showed highest R² and D values of 0.9550 and 0.9884 respectively with lowest values of SE, RMSE and PD of 0.0743, 0.0698 and 4.1016 respectively. Hence, NDWI was identified as the most superior remote sensing indicator for estimation of chickpea crop coefficients. The weekly crop coefficients were derived from the best performing NDWI-Kc model and the crop water requirement was estimated as 248.23 mm for chickpea crop. Crop water demand of rabi chickpea in Akola district was determined as 213.4138 Mm3. The outcomes of this study show the potential of multispectral vegetation indices for estimating spatial crop coefficients, leading to the determination of site-specific crop water demand and thus ultimately helping in precise irrigation water management, by providing irrigation with high water use efficiency and saving significant amount of water.ThesisItem Open Access ATTITUDE OF STUDENT TOWARDS EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAMME.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2021-08-30) ADE, AKASH GOPICHAND.; xv, p.93The present study was conducted mainly with the objective to study “Attitude of Student towards Experiential Learning Programme”. The present investigation was conducted in the two constituent’s colleges of agriculture under Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. i.e., College of Agriculture, Akola and Shri. Shivaji Agriculture College Amravati, with a view to know the attitude of student towards Experiential Learning Programme. All those who were registered for the final year (2019-20) were considered selected from each selected colleges and 120 samples was selected by random sampling method. Exploratory research design was used for the study. In case of profile of the students selected for the present study it is found that, equal number of male (50.00%) and female (50.00%) students, majority (71.67%) of the students were from rural background, more than half (65.83%) of the respondent secured 7.50 to 8.49 cumulative grade point (CGPA) belongs to first class, majority (45.00%) of the student’s parental occupation was only agriculture, maximum (51.67%) students were from the families having annual income up to Rs. 1,00,000/-, majority (48.33%) of students had medium level of participation in co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, 86.67 per cent students had medium aspiration level, majority (73.33%) of participants had medium level of achievement motivation, more than half (66.67%) of the students had medium level of self-confidence, majority (64.17%) of the students had medium decision making ability and majority (58.33%) of the students had acquired the skills partially. The majority (72.50%) of the students had favourable attitude towards ELP, followed by 15 per cent of the students had least favourable attitude towards ELP and 12.50 per cent students had highly favourable attitude towards ELP. The computed correlation coefficient (r) values of participation in co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, achievement motivation, self-confidence and skills acquired of respondents of the respondents had positive and highly significant relationship with their attitude towards ELP at 0.01 per cent level of probability. While decision making ability of the respondents had positively significant and academic performance of students, parental occupation, annual income had negative and significant relationship with their attitude towards ELP at 0.05 per cent level of probability. From the result, it was observed that gender, family background, and aspiration of students did not show any relationship with their attitude towards Experiential Learning Programme. The constraints as realized by the ELP students were 62.50% students reported the lack of sufficient laboratory facilities, 59.20% students reported that limited exposure to the industry/ field visit, here two constraints having 41.70% students reported that lack of technical guidance and students not motivated because of low chances for employment after graduation, constraints having same number of (28.30%) students reported that limited content of learning skills in practical course and students not willing to do hard jobs of practical training and in last 22.50% students reported that concentrating on passing the practical course. The suggestions offered by the ELP students were 75.00% of students suggested that giving preference to students interest while choosing an enterprise, 53.30% of students suggested that more emphasis should be given on tours and visits, 50.80% of students suggested that uniform distribution of work to every student, 33.33% of students suggested that arranging proper marketing facilities and at last 27.50% students suggested that provision of adequate land resources, inputs and money in timely manner.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum) UNDER WATER STRESS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra., 2021-08-27) SURBHAIYYA, SHOBHA DEVIDAS.; Gahukar, Dr. S.J.The present investigation entitled “Molecular and biochemical responses of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum) under water stress” was carried out at the Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agriculture Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2016-2019. In the present study, the objectives were accomplished at two phases of environment, physiological screening under in-vitro (lab) condition and morpho-physiological, biochemical, molecular screening under in-vivo (green house and field) condition. The experiments comprised of eight genotypes with two check viz., AKAW-3717 (tolerant) and AKAW-3722 (susceptible). In first phase of experiment, osmotic stress imposed under laboratory condition by using different concentration of PEG- 6000 viz., 0, 15 %, and 25 % and performances of various genotypes were monitored against a control. Seedling traits such as germination percentage, seedling vigor index, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh/dry weight and root fresh/dry weight were studied in unstressed and stressed condition. The result indicated that increase in osmotic stress caused a significant decreased in above seedlings parameters. Correlation coefficient studies revealed considerable and positive correlation among seedling traits.The result indicated that decrease in one trait may cause simultaneous decrease in other traits; hence, selection for any of these seedling attributes will lead to develop water stress tolerant wheat genotypes. Based on these observations, most water stress tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected. (Check tolerant) AKAW-3717, AKAW-4842, and AKAW-5017 were recorded as the most water stress tolerant genotypes, whereas, (Check susceptible) AKAW-3722, AKAW-4925, and AKDW-5012 were recorded as susceptible genotypes. In second phase of experiments (under green house and field condition), the extent of yield reduction with water deficit depends not only on the magnitude of water deficit but also on the stage of plant growth at which it develops. Under green house condition, a pot study water stress treatments were created by using different concentration of PEG-6000 (viz., -3 bar and -6 bar PEG-6000) and water withholding. Under field condition, water stress were created by only withholding of water to assess the effect of induced water stress on performance of ten wheat genotypes at two critical growth stages (tillering and flowering). After seven to fourteen days, plants exhibited visible effects of stress. Thus plant sample were collected for further analysis and data collection. Screening of wheat genotypes for water stress tolerance on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular level. The results showed that water stress significantly reduced in morphological and physiological traits like plant height, total tillers, spike length, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spikes, 1000 grain weight, yield per plant, relative water content, and chlorophyll content. The biochemical analysis revealed increased total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, and proline significantly with increasing water stress. Proline content in stressed tolerant plants is found to be very higher as compared to that in unstressed susceptible plants suggesting its key role in water stress tolerance in plant. The activity of CAT was found to be highest in AKAW-3717 at both tillering and flowering growth stages which was found to a tolerant genotype in prior morphological and biochemical screening. The activity of POD was found maximum in all tolerant genotypes viz., AKAW-3717, AKAW-4842, and AKAW-5017 than in susceptible genotypes viz., AKAW-3722, AKAW-5010, and AKAW-4926. Superoxide dismutase activity was found to be highest in AKAW-5017. Water stress preferentially enhanced the activities of enzymatic antioxidant and osmolytes. Differential transcriptome analysis using cDNA based start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT marker) and oligodecamer (RAPD marker) were accomplished To identify differentially expressed TDFs. TDFs (cDNA-SCoT profiling) were produced in unstressed and stressed plant at tillering and flowering stages. At tillering stage, 186/215 (green house/field) TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 191/218 TDFs while 171/228 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 177/229 TDFs at flowering stage. cDNA-SCoT profiling revealed that marker SCoT 03, SCoT 05, SCoT 11, SCoT 13, SCoT 14, and SCoT 18/SCoT 01, SCoT 04, SCoT 11, SCoT 14, SCoT 18, and SCoT 20 showed 100 % polymorphism at both stages. Similarly, TDFs (cDNA-RAPD profiling) were produced in unstressed and stressed plant at tillering and flowering stages. At tillering stage, 381 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 398 TDFs while 373 TDFs were found differentially regulated out of 384 TDFs at flowering stage. AT both stages, cDNA-RAPD profiling revealed that marker OPF 7, OPF 14, OPH 16, OPB 10, OPI 16, OPI 13, OPI 2, and OPH 12 showed 100 % polymorphism. Further, gene expression studies were carried out using the four contrasting genotypes AKAW-3717 (check tolerant), AKAW-3722 (check susceptible), AKAW-4842, AKAW-4925, and AKAW-5017. Under green house as well as field condition there are five water stress specific markers (WDHN 13, α-Tubulin, WPIP, WTIP 11, and DREB 1A) were used for presence and expression of gene which can confer water stress resistance to a genotype. RNA was extracted by TriZol method. Then first strand cDNA synthesis was done by using Himedia cDNA synthesis kit. PCR was carried out by using the cDNA. PCR products were separated on polyacrylamide gel and visualized under gel doc system. AKAW-3717 followed by AKAW-5017 and AKAW-4842 performed best at various stress levels for morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. However performance of AKAW-3722, AKAW-5010 and AKAW-4926 was poor. The gene expression, results indicated that, α-Tubulin showed their expression in all genotypes grown under controlled as well as water stressed conditions. While, WDHN 13 showed their expression in AKAW-3717, AKAW-5017, and AKAW-4842. None of the other gene expression was recorded in any other genotypes. It can be concluded that water stress levels had substantial effects on germination and seedling growth. Morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular analysis revealed that adequate genetic difference for water stress tolerance existed in wheat genotypes tested AKAW-3717 and AKAW-5017 may prove a promising parent material for breeding water stress tolerant wheat genotype. Further molecular investigations are suggested to assess the genetic basis of water stress tolerance. AKAW-3717 and AKAW-5017 may be considered better genotypes for low rainfall drought prone areas. The present study can provide clues in identifying candidate genes for further functional analysis to delineate their precise role in abiotic stress response. As key genes are identified, efficiency increase and opportunities for genetic engineering are realized. This is a fundamental aspect of research into abiotic stress tolerance, and discoveries of abiotic stress tolerance genes, which is explored in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF ZINC ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2023-02-09) GAWANDE, YUGRAJ DHARMARAJ.; Hadole, Dr. S.S.A field study entitled “Effect of different sources and levels of zinc on growth, yield and quality of wheat” was conducted during Rabi 2021-2022 at Wheat Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experimental soil collected from the wheat research unit field was slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in organic carbon, moderately calcareous, low in available N, medium in available P, remarkably high in available K, marginal in available S, and sufficient in micronutrients but deficient in Zn. The nine treatments comprised of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer T1 - RDF (80:40:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O), T2 - RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1, T3 - RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1, T4 - RDF + soil application of Zn EDTA @ 1.5 kg ha-1, T5 - RDF + soil application of Zn EDTA @ 3.0 kg ha-1, T6 - RDF + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at CRI, tillering and milking stage, T7 - RDF + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 1.0% at CRI, tillering and milking stage, T8 - RDF + Foliar application of Zn EDTA @ 0.25% at CRI, tillering and milking stage, T9 - RDF + Foliar application of Zn EDTA @ 0.5% at CRI, tillering and milking stage. applied in the plots in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The significantly highest wheat yield, plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of tillers, and Number of grains spike-1 were observed in the treatment of soil application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1. The highest test weight, carbohydrates, and protein content were also observed in the treatment of soil application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1. The higher N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn content and uptake was recorded with the soil application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1. The highest available N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in soil were recorded with the soil application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1. It is concluded that the soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 along with a recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) at the time of sowing recorded the highest wheat grain and straw yield, nutrient content, nutrient uptake, improvement in grain quality, viz., test weight, carbohydrates, and protein content of wheat with improvement in soil fertility. Also, concluded that soil application was better than a foliar application of zinc.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON ORGANIC CARBON POOLS , SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED COTTON IN VERTISOLS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2023-01-24) GADAKH, PRATIKSHA APPASAHEB.; Gabhane, Dr. V.V.A field study entitled, “Effect of organic sources of nutrients on organic carbon pools, soil fertility and productivity of rainfed cotton in Vertisols” was conducted during kharif 2021-22 at Research field of AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. The soil of the experimental site was Vertisol which was moderately alkaline in reaction, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The nine treatments replicated three times in randomized block design comprised of 100% RDF (60:30:30 NPK kg ha-1), FYM 12 t ha-1, gliricidia 8 t ha-1, vermicompost 3.0 t ha-1, 50% N through FYM/ vermicompost + 50% N through gliricidia/ vermicompost and 25% N through FYM/ gliricidia + 25% N through vermicompost + 50% N through gliricidia. The results indicated that significantly higher cotton yield was recorded with 100% RDF and was on par with most of the integrated organic treatments. Further, integrated application of 50% N through FYM/vermicompost + 50% N through gliricidia resulted in improvement in soil fertility and soil organic carbon pools. Hence, it is concluded that integrated application of 50% N through FYM/vermicompost + 50% N through gliricidia resulted in improvement in soil fertility, soil organic pools and yield of cotton grown in Vertisols under rainfed conditions.
