PHARMACOKINETICS OF CEFTRIAXONE IN HEALTHY AND FEBRILE ONGOLE CALVES
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Date
2005-12
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
The development of cephalosporins had been since 1945
against a wide range of bacterial infectious. Till now four
generations of cephalosporins had been synthesized. Cefbiaxone,
one of the important third generation cephalosporin, is a broad
spectrum antibiotic, resistant to various types of betalactarnases,
with potent activity against gram positive, gram negative and
anaerobic bacteria The purpose of the study was to investigate the
pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in Ongole cattle, a native breed of
Andhra Pradesh. Pharmacokinetic studies of cefiaxone were
performed in healthy and febrile ongole calves, after administration
of the drug by intravenous and intramuscular routes.
The calves were divided into two groups of six each, one for
intravenous and the other for intramuscular study. Fever was
induced by injecting Escherichia coli endotoxin @ 1 pg kg-'
intravenously. Ceftriaxone was: injected as a single dose @ 10 mg
kg-' through intravenous and intramuscular routes to the respective
groups. Serum concentration versus time data of ceftriaxone in
intravenous study was described by a two compartment open model.
After intravenous administration, healthy calves exhibited tin a and
tlR f3 of 0.174 +- 0.013 pg ml-' and 1.613 5 0.017 h respectively.
AUC(-,, AUMC and MRT in healthy calves were 36.095 2 0.604
pg h ml-', 75.975 5 0.397 pg h ml" and 2.105 2 0.025 h
respectively. Serum concentration in febrile calves was detectable
upto 10 h compared with 12 h in healthy calves. Febrile calves
showed lower tin P, AUC and AUMC indicating extensive
metabolism. The duration of pharmacoIogica1 effect (b) was lower
during fever.
Serum concentration-time data of ceftriaxone after single
intramuscular administration was described by one compartment
open model. Both healthy and febrile calves exhibited higher bio
availability indicating rapid absorption of the drug.
Healthy Ongole calves exhibited tin k, and t1 12 of 1.175 +
0.038 h and 1.58 + 0.02 h respectively. AUC(&, and MRT were
29.23 2 0.423 pg h ml-' and 3.395 2 0.013 pg h ml-' respectively.
These values are low in febrile calves compared to healthy calves.
The duration of pharmacological effect was less in febrile calves
compared to healthy calves.
To maintain minimum therapeutic concentration ceftriaxone
can be administered @ 1Omg kg" twice daily.
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