METABOLOMIC PROFILING OF WILD TOMATO ACCESSIONS FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) AND Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
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Date
2023-02-24
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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a popular solanaceous vegetable crop grown for its edible fruit. The South American tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci cause severe damage to tomato. To combat these pests, anti-herbivory traits of wild tomato accessions such as trichomes and defense secondary metabolites can be utilized. Trichome analysis and resistance screening study revealed that wild tomato accessions of S. cheesmaniae (VI037240-7) and S. galapagense (VI057400-3 and VI063177-10) had higher densities of glandular trichomes, particularly type-IV glandular trichomes. Both the accessions were resistant to P. absoluta and B. tabaci in no-choice and choice bioassays. UPLC-MS/MS based untargeted metabolomic profiling of wild tomato accessions following P. absoluta and B. tabaci infestation revealed different sets of resistance related constitutive (RRC) metabolites and resistance related induced (RRI) metabolites at 6 and 12 hrs post infestation (hpi). In P. absoluta and B. tabaci-tomato interaction, 1845 significant RRC and RRI metabolites that govern resistance were identified and mapped onto biosynthetic pathways. Some of the important fatty acid pathway metabolites discovered include 3-hydroxy-tetradecanedioic acid, Arachidonic acid, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid and Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The identified metabolites such as 4'-Methoxychalcone, Pinocembrin 7-O-benzoate and Myricetin 3-(3'''-6'''-diacetylglucosyl) (1->4)-(2'',3'' diacetylrhamnoside) belonged to flavonoid pathway. Terpenes and steroids such as Catalpol, 2-trans,6-trans-Farnesol, 16:0-Glc-Campesterol and Solanidine are synthesized via terpenoid pathway. Atropine, Palmatine, (-)-Sparteine and Aphylline were the alkaloid pathway metabolites discovered. The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) of biosynthetic pathways visualized on the heat maps, indicated the differential accumulation of pathway metabolites. This plant-insect interaction study documented the secondary metabolites and their pathways that govern resistance in wild tomato accessions and these results are a valuable source of information for future pest resistance breeding prospects and to develop eco-friendly insecticides.