BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CHARCOAL ROT OF SORGHUM {Sorghum bicolor (L .) Moench] CAUSED BY Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
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Date
2001-08-04
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE
Abstract
Biological control of charcoal rot of sorghum caused by Macrophomina
phaseolina was undertaken utilizing 26 native and 12 commercial isolates of
antagonists.
Native isolates of Pseudomonas fiuorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, T.
vindo and Gliocladium virons exhibited high antagonistic potential. Talc
formulation, wheat bran : saw dust : tap water, papaya ripe fruit, farm yard
manure, coffee berry skin, gobar gas slurry, mushroom spent bed, pigeonpea
husk, press mud and dung were superior substrates for mass multiplication of
test antagonists. Ammonium sulphate and diammonium phosphate additives
enhanced multiplication. Pseudomonas fiuorescens grew well on dung.
Combined application of P. fiuorescens with species of Trichoderma and
Giiociadium as seed treatment @ 4 g per kg and soil application (150 kg/ha)
method was most effective to reduce charcoal rot. Soybean, wheat, tagase,
pigeonpea and sorghum seeds supported quick multiplication of test antagonists.
Storage temperature of 15°C was congenial for prolonged shelf life and milky
white polythene bags enahanced population of antagonists. Sclerotial
germination and disintegration was higher in coconut and sesamum oil cake
extracts respectively. Sclerotia remained viable upto 36 months. Extracts of
garlic clove, camphor, leaf extracts of bitter gourd, pongamia, amaranthus,
periwinkle, ashoka, mosambi, lakki, and oils of eucalyptus, tuisi and karanj wore
inhibitory to pathogen, Ncom flower extract was inhibitory to pathogen and
stimulatory to test antagonists. Triazoles were lethal whereas metalaxyl and
carbofuran exhibited mycotonic effect to test antagonists at lower
concentration. Integration of antagonists with biofertilizers was confirmed.
Carbendazim, thiram, urea, chlorpyriphos, glyphosate, alachlor, trifluralin
were inhibitory to fungal antagonists and pathogen. Copper ore tailings and fly
ash were safer to antagonists. Non fungicides recorded fungistatic inhibition.
DSV-4 recorded charcoal rot resistance.
Integrated management of sorghum charcoal rot disease was achieved
through combined application of native isolates of antagonists resulting in 13.56
per cent increased thousand grain weight.
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