EFFECT OF UNSATURATED TO SATURATED FATTY ACID RATIO OF SUPLLEMENTAL FAT WITH OR WITH OUT L-CARNITINE ON PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKEN
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Date
2009-02
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT :
The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of fat sources and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (60:40, 65:35, 70:30 and 75:25), with or without L-carnitine supplementation in a 6 x 2 factorial manner on the performance, carcass yield and serum lipid profile of male broiler chicks. A total of 480 day old male broiler chicks were divided into 12 treatments with eight replicate and five birds each and fed test diet till six weeks of age. Before the feed formulation, the lipid profile of the tallow and crude soybean oil were analyzed by Agilent technologies 6890N Gas chromatography. The UFA : SFA ratio were found to be 5.37 and 0.77 respectively for CSBO and tallow. Data was analyzed by General Linear Model producer of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for birds fed crude soybean oil than tallow during starter and overall period. During finisher phase body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for carnitine supplemented groups. Interaction between fat source and carnitine was significant. Feeding of broilers with crude soybean oil with carnitine caused an increase in the body weight gain and tallow with carnitine caused a decrease in the body weight gain. Among the ratios of UFA: SFA, significantly (P<0.05) the highest weight gain was observed at 70: 30 ratio for starter, finisher and overall period. However, carnitine supplementation to these ratios did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on weight gain during the finisher and the overall period.
The fat source did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake during the overall period. Whereas supplementation of carnitine has significantly (P<0.05) lowered feed intake during the overall period. Interaction effect was significant during the finisher and the overall period.
FCR was significantly (P<0.05) better for crude soybean oil during the starter and the overall periods. Inclusion of carnitine significantly (P<0.05) improved FCR during starter, finisher and overall periods. Significantly (P<0.05) better FCR was observed at 60:40 ratio and diets without carnitine supplementation. The interaction effect was significant (P<0.05) only during starter phase. The fat source and UFA: SFA ratio with or without carnitine did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on various carcass yields studied except for abdominal fat percentage, where interaction between fat source and carnitine was significant (P<0.05). Abdominal fat content was significantly (P<0.05) low for crude soybean oil without carnitine. Among the ratios, significantly (P<0.05) higher abdominal fat deposition was found at 60:40 UFA: SFA ratio. With respect to UFA: SFA ratio diets, carnitine supplementation significantly reduced deposition of abdominal fat at 70:30 ratio while other ratios remained unaffected. Liver moisture content was significantly (P<0.05) higher for tallow diets and at 60:40 ratio of UFA: SFA. Carnitine supplementation has significantly (P<0.05) increased moisture percentage of liver in case of fat source. Significantly (P<0.05) higher moisture content of light muscle was observed at 65:35 and 75:25, whereas for dark muscle it was observed at 70:30 ratio. Carnitine supplementation to UFA: SFA diets significantly (P<0.05) increased moisture content of dark muscle, whereas in light muscle it resulted in significant (P<0.05) reduction of moisture percentage. The interaction effect was significant for light and dark muscles and liver. Fat content in liver and light muscle was significantly (P<0.05) lower for tallow and crude soybean oil and for UFA: SFA ratio at 75:25 and 70:30 ratio respectively. Carnitine supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased fat content of liver, light and dark muscles except at UFA: SFA ratios for liver and light muscle, where there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in fat deposition by carnitine supplementation.
Serum triglycerides concentration was significantly low (P<0.05) for bird fed crude soybean oil and 70: 30 ratio of UFA: SFA at 12 hrs fasting whereas, the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol at 3hrs fasting was significantly (P<0.05) low for birds fed with tallow diet and at 65:35 UFA: SFA ratio. Carnitine supplementation reduced significantly (P<0.05) serum triglyceride and cholesterol for fat source and UFA: SFA ratios. Thus it can be concluded that for fat source body weight gain, FCR and carcass quality traits (abdominal, light and dark muscle fat percentage) were better for CSBO with carnitine and CSBO without carnitine respectively. In case of ratio of UFA: SFA, better body weight gain and FCR were observed at 70:30 and 60:40 ratios of UFA: SFA without carnitine respectively. However, lean meat was obtained at 70:30 ratio with carnitine.
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