An economic analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower in rewa district of madhya pradesh
| dc.contributor.advisor | Khan, N. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yadav, Braj Gopal | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-02-28T09:12:52Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-02-28T09:12:52Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT The vegetable production in India has touched a new height in recent years, placing it as the second largest producer of vegetables in the world ', next to China. Vegetable crops in India occupy only 6.8 percent of the total cultivated land (2011-2012). India share 17 percent of world production of vegetable with productivity of 16 tonnes per ha. which is quite low as compared to many countries. The growing population and the improving economic status in the country have increased vegetables consumption, both across regions and income groups. The present production is not sufficient to meet the requirement of 285 gm. of vegetables per capita per day. At present our per capita availability is around 145 gm per day. Their demand is expected to grow further, requiring the production of 185 million tonnes by 2011 -12. In India, vegetables have enormous potential in providing employment and nutritional ‘security as our bio-diversity in vegetables is very wide and supportive. Specific Objectives: To work out the cost and return of cauliflower under different size of farms in the Rewa district. To assess the marketing cost and marketing margin under different agencies of cauliflower. To identify the production and marketing constraints of cauliflower faced by the sample farmers. To suggest the measures to improve the productivity of cauliflower and development of efficient market Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh was selected purposively as it cover 15 and 12 percent of area and production of cauliflower to total area and production of vegetable crops, and investigator is also well acquainted with the area, which in turn could be helpful in the collection of relevant information. Rewa district comprises nine blocks viz; Jawa, Teonthar, Sirmour, Gangev, Hanumana, Mauganj, Naigarhi, Rewa and Raipur Karchulian. Out of which Rewa block was selected on the basis of maximum area covered by cauliflower crop. After selection of block, list of cauliflower producing villages were prepared and then eight villages namely Bela, Karahia Ataria Madi Judmania Vidva Rausar and Chorhata were selected purposively on the basis of coverage of maximum area of cauliflower. From the selected villages, a list of cauliflower growing farmers were prepared and further classified in to three size groups according to size of land holdings viz; 1St small (up to 2 ha), 2nd medium (2 to 4 ha) and 3rd large size group (above 4 ha). Generally those farmers who have more than 2.0 ha of land, raising the cauliflower crop on commercial basis due to that land holding of 1" size group was considered from 2 ha. Conclusion : The result shows that the average family size of the sample respondents was 7 which was directly associated with farm size and maximum number of family member were observed in case of large farm it may be due to joint family system prevalent in the study area. The average age of the respondents ranged between 34 to 65 years in different size group. Majority of the sample farmers belong to middle age group (41 to 60) which works hard jobs on their farms. Regarding caste, maximum respondents (48 per cent of the total) belong to other backward class followed by general (32 per cent), schedule caste (12 per cent) and schedule tribes (8 per cent) respondents. Overall it could be concluded that more than 70 percent of respondents under different size groups were belong to general and OBC class. As-far as education level was concerned only 10 percent respondents were illiterate. Among the literate respondents 23, 12, 30, 25 percent’ were observed primary, middle higher secondary, graduation and above level respectively. More number of respondents was educated up to higher secondary level and minimum number literate up to middle level. Agriculture was the main occupation of sample respondents about 11 percent of respondents also engaged in dairy and other business as secondary occupation. The average size of land holdings was ranged from 2.32 ha to 7.11 ha on different size group with an average of 4.52 ha on sample size. Of the total area, 87 per cent was available for cultivation on sample farm with marginal variations on different group. Thus, proportionate area under cultivation revealed inverse relation with the farm size. The net irrigated area to net sown area was 76 to 90 per cent under different size groups. As far as cropping pattern of the sample respondents is concerned, the main crops grown by the sample farmers during Kharif season were Paddy and Soybean which covered about 30 per cent area to total cropped area. Chickpea was the major crop of Rabi season and an overall it’s shared 14.3 per cent and then .followed by wheat and cauliflower which shared 12 and 8.2 percent respectively to the total cropped area. Area under Cauliflower was ranged from 6.61 to 11.1 per cent to total cropped area under different size groups. Area under Rabi crops was higher than under. Kharif crops in all the size groups. Total cost of cultivation per hectare incurred in cauliflower production on sample farm was Rs. 65462 which was higher in large size farmer (Rs.66462) and lowest in small size farmer (Rs. 64565). There was positive relationship with the size group it may be due to improved management practices. On an average 72 per cent of cost attributed to' operational cost and remaining 28 per cent by the fixed cost. In the total cost (Operational+Fixed) on an average labour cost was found 33.37 perdent, while in Seed. fertilizer and manure cost were estimated about 3.71 and 20.50' per cent to total cost. The-material cost was more in case of large group followed by medium and small groups. On an average the indirect cost was found Rs 16570 for sample farm and higher in case of large group (Rs 16909) then small group (Rs 17075) and medium group (Rs 15729). Overall it could be concluded that for cauliflower production, cost of material, human labour and machine labour were the main constituents of the cost and it varied with the scale of production. The cost A1 and cost A2 of sample respondents were same due to absence of the practice of leasing and therefore cost A1 was not .mention in the result. Cost A2 was found more in case of large group then in case of medium and small size group. It was Rs 43633, Rs 40934 and Rs 39201 per hectare for large, medium and small group respectively. The percentage of cost A2 to cost C3 of different size group was concern, the maximum (65.65) percentage of cost A2 covered by large group than medium group and small group. It could be concluded that large size group requires more investment for cultivation of cauliflower as compared to medium and small size group in the study area, it may be due to adoption of improved practices for cauliflower crop. The production quantity of cauliflower per hectare was maximum in large size group followed by small and medium size group. It was 351753 33971 and 35789 (number) for small, medium and large size group respectively. The quantities of cauliflower are directly associated with gross income. The gross income was highest in small size group followed by large and medium size group. The difference in the levels of production of cauliflower was also observed in between the small and medium and medium and large size groups, it may be due to effect of scale of production. On an average, the gross income came to be Rs 145535 per hectare. The result of 8:0 ratio shows that production of cauliflower is the profitable business in the study area. On an average a cauliflower grower received an amount of Rs 80298 per hectare as net income from cauliflower production. The highest net income was received by small size group (Rs 81495) followed by medium size group (Rs 79845) and large size group (Rs 79556). The family labour income and farm business income were found to be Rs 92553 and Rs 104279 per hectare respectively of the sample respondents. On an average of Rs 104279 was obtained as farm business income from Cauliflower production. The average cost of production per piece of cauliflower was estimated to be Rs 1.86 and difference between size groups was at par. Increasing trend was observed in production of cauliflower from Nov: to Jan., under small and medium size farmer while in case of large size farmer increasing trend was observed from Nov. to Feb., it may be due to most of the large size farmer shown late variety of cauliflower. Regarding price of cauliflower, the small and large size farmer received increasing trend of price from Nov. to Jan. and medium farmer received increasing trend of price up to Dec. The overall maximum gross income per hectare received by the small farmer (146060) followed by large size farmer (146018), and medium size farmer (144527) but the difference was not much among the size groups. Regarding marketing cost, the highest marketing cost paid by the producer during marketing process when they preferred to sale directly to wholesaler followed by producer to local market, producer to retailer then producer to consumer. The main item of marketing cost was transportation and labour charge paid by all the size group farmers. it covers about 70 to 100 percent. Among the production constraints. the shortage of human labour .during different important agriculture operation such as, sowing, interculture and harvesting time faced by all the size groups of respondents. Cauliflower is very sensitive crop so knowledge of plant protection measures is must, but most of the respondents were reported lack of knowledge about plant protection measures. The sample respondents also facing the problem of unavailability of quality seed and plant in required time as seed or plant of cauliflower has plays very important role in production. Regarding marketing constraints, lack of storage and proper transportation facilities was not available in the study area so price or as due to deterioration of quality. Overall it could be concluded that efforts are required by concern person or agency to minimize the problem and also motivate to extension worker for frequent visit and provide proper advise in particular time then level of production and income can be improved by raising the cauliflower crop in the study area. Recommendation : Based on the findings of the study, following suggestions! recommendations are given below: Among the vegetable crops Cauliflower is one of the important rabi season vegetable crop and results of study reveals its suitability in the study area. Cauliflower is an economically crop, it has a lot of scope to increasing the income and employment so the area should be increased and should find adequate place in the cropping pattern of the farmers. ' To make cauliflower crop more remunerative, market organization should be strengthened, state government should come forward for more remunerative prices for the cauliflower growers. Efforts should be made by state agricultural universities and seed agencies to provide/supply the quality seed of cauliflower in proper time to the farmers as seed is one of the important input to improve the production of cauliflower. Government should try to supply the required fertilizer in proper time with reasonable price to the farmers in the study area. Extension agencies should be strengthed to popularize the improved production technologies and provide the proper guidance and suggestion in required time specially during the Problem faced by the cauliflower growers in the study area then production level may be improved in the study area. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810002962 | |
| dc.keywords | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & FARM MANAGEMENT | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.pages | 61 | en_US |
| dc.publisher | JNKVV | en_US |
| dc.sub | Agricultural Economics | en_US |
| dc.subject | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & FARM MANAGEMENT | en_US |
| dc.theme | AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & FARM MANAGEMENT | en_US |
| dc.these.type | M.Sc | en_US |
| dc.title | An economic analysis of production and marketing of cauliflower in rewa district of madhya pradesh | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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