Assessment of varietal resistance and farmers knowledge along with development of botanicals and its nanoparticles for ecofriendly insect pest management of tomato
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Date
2022-09
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
A survey was conducted in tomato growing regions of Nainital and U.S. Nagar districts of Uttarakhand and Tomato fruit borer and Whitefly and Aphid were identified as major constraint in tomato production in this region. Majority of farmers used prophylactic sprays of synthetic insecticide for management of insect pest. majority of respondents were dependent upon local pesticide dealer for recommendation of insecticide. Majority of farmers applied insecticide two to five times in a season for management of pest and followed less than 3 days waiting period before harvesting of tomatoes. Despite poor knowledge on pesticide characteristics, many farmers stored pesticide bottles in safe places but a few of them used protective clothing while spraying of insecticide. Heemsohna, Arjun and RDS2755 varieties of tomato were least infested by major insect pest of tomato while varieties viz., Karan and Naveen were having highest population of the insect pest. In the study of evaluation of efficacy of the plant extracts
and essential oil it was observed that methanol extract of Melia azedarach seeds @ 1% and Tagetus minuta essential @ 0.05% and 0.1% were found be extremely antifeedant against 3, 5 and 7 old Spodoptera litura larvae and 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. And all other treatments were also found to check feeding behaviors of these test insects. The extract and essential oil and combination product of these botanicals was also effective in checking growth and development of 7 days old Spodoptera litura. In field evaluation of these botanicals seed methanol extract of Melia azedarach was found to have less incidence of whitefly, aphid and tomato fruit borer along with increased yield of tomato in comparison of other treatments. Leaf extract of Melia azedarach was found to be effective in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Significant characteristic peak was observed at about 442 nm during UV analysis which confirmed it formation. X- ray diffraction analysis confirmed crystalline nature and 52.3 nm average particle size of silver nanoparticles. SEM photograph of silver nanoparticles revealed that there were irregular shapes in surface. Further, it had been confirmed that with different sizes viz.,49.30 nm, 55.97nm, 62.79 nm,73.65 nm and 76.65nm of silver nanoparticles were presented inside the sample