Physiological and biochemical characterization of isoproturon resistance in Phalaris minor and its management
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Date
2015-12
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Phalaris minor Retz. is the most troublesome weed of wheat in India. Losses caused by P. minor range from 5 to 50 % but could go up to 80 % under heavy infestation. Isoproturon, a substituted urea herbicide was successfully controlling this weed for a long time till it developed resistance. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the mechanism of herbicide resistance in P. minor biotypes in the rice-wheat cropping system of Uttarakhand. Pot culture experiments were conducted in the Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant university of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Seeds of Phalaris minor, collected from farmer’s field from 15 different locations in the tarai region were sown in pots and efficacy of isoproturon was assessed at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/ha dose. It was found that P. minor from ten out of 15 sources were resistant to isoproturon. Further experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of isoproturon resistance. Application of PBO, a mono-oxygenase inhibitor @ 2kg/ha sprayed along with isoproturon increased the efficacy of the herbicide. Different parameters such as biomass production and mortality (%) were estimated for all the treatments at different stages. Further for the management of resistant populations of P. minor, alternative herbicides with different modes of action were also evaluated. Among these herbicides clodifop @ recommended dose i.e. 60 g/ha completely controlled the resistant P. minor. Data on biochemical parameters such as H2O2 content, SOD activity, proline content, MDA, content, MSI and total chlorophyll were evaluated in P. Minor under different treatments. Total protein content and MSI were found to decrease with time after treatment. Level of these biochemical parameters were found higher in resistant biotypes than susceptible biotypes. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also decreased in P. minor for all the herbicide treatment.
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