Effect of different soil moisture regimes on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and juice quality of spring planted sugarcane

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dc.contributor.advisorNandwal, A.S.
dc.contributor.authorPooja
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-03T03:36:36Z
dc.date.available2017-06-03T03:36:36Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractThe present investigations were carried out on four sugarcane varieties, two of mid late group viz., CoH 128 and CoS 767 and two of early group viz. Co 0238 and CoJ 64 during spring season of the year 2014-15 and 2015-16 under the field conditions at Regional Research Station, Chaudhary Charan Singh, Haryana Agricultural University, Uchani, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India. Forty days after planting three level of available soil moisture (ASM) were created i.e. irrigation at 50% ASM level (control), irrigation at 40% ASM level (mild stress) and irrigation at 30% ASM level (severe stress). These ASM levels were created only during pre-monsoon (in the month of May and June) period by withholding irrigation and later on i.e. post monsoon period (in the month of July), the crop was irrigated for stress revival as per requirement. Morpho-physiological, biochemical and quality parameters were recorded at various intervals and correlated with yield components. The maximum germination was recorded in varieties CoJ 64 (65.5%) and lowest in CoH 128 (48.5%) at 45 DAP. The maximum reduction in stalk height was recorded in the month of June and it was reduced by 51.15 and 39.17% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively as compared to 50% ASM level and highest stalk height was recorded in the variety Co 0238. Total number of tillers were reduced by 26.06 and 19.16% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively in the first week of July and highest reduction was recorded in variety CoJ 64 and lowest in CoS 767. Leaf area (23.21-16.33 dm2/clump), leaf area index (3.06-2.12), crop growth rate (6.44-4.99 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (0.007- 0.006 g g-1 day-1) and net assimilation rate (1.00-0.69 g m-2 day- 1) were severely affected under low ASM levels. Among the varieties, maximum reduction in growth parameters were recorded in varieties CoH 128 and CoJ 64 than in Co 0238 and CoS 767. After stress revival, recovery was better in Co 0238 and CoS 767. The water potential (-0.64 to -1.22 MPa) and osmotic potential (- 0.86 to -1.79 MPa) of leaf become more negative with increasing the days after exposure to low ASM levels. Values of water potential (-1.51, -1.08) and osmotic potential (-1.61 o p -1.05 MPa) was more negative in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767, respectively than CoJ 64 and CoH 128. At 90 DAP, RWC (%) content of leaf decline from 87.88 to 63.20% and less reduction was recorded in Co 0238 and CoS 767. After stress revival, highest recovery was recorded in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The maximum relative stress injury was recorded in CoJ 64 (27.49%) followed by CoH 128 (25.80%), Co 0238 (21.70%) and CoS Title of Thesis : Effect of different soil moisture regimes on morphophysiological characteristics, yield and juice quality of spring planted sugarcane Full name of degree holder : Pooja Admission Number : 2012BS12D Title of Degree : Doctor of philosophy Name and address of Major Advisor : Dr. A.S. Nandwal Professor (Plant Physiology) cum Additional Director of Research CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar-125 004, India Degree awarding University/Institute : Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Year of award of degree : 2016 Major subject : Plant Physiology Number of pages in thesis : 116 + xiii Number of words in the abstract : 1121 767(20.70%) at 30% ASM level at 90 DAP. On rewatering (at 120 DAP) highest recovery was recorded in varieties Co 0238. The photosynthetic rate (6.68 to 2.82 m mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (6.68 to 2.82 m mol H2O m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.333 to 0.102 m mol H2O m-2 s-1) get reduced at low ASM levels. The maximum reduction was noticed in CoJ 64 and CoH 128. Stress revival brought a significant improvement in these parameters. Water use efficiency was increased only in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 at 30% and 40% ASM levels at 60 and 90 DAP, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence (0.632 to 0.447), total chlorophyll content (12.01 to 9.44 mg g-1 DW) and K+ content in leaves (2.63 to 1.7%) decreased with increased duration of stress at low ASM levels with maximum in varieties CoJ 64 and CoH 128. On stress revival, recovery was better in varieties Co 0238 and CoS767. Lipid peroxidation in terms of MDA content (379.38 to 776.72 nmole MDA g-1 DW), reactive oxygen species content (813.0 to 1253.7 μmoles XTT FORMAZAN g-1 FW), canopy temperature (35.86-38.31°C) and pH of cell sap of leaves (5.70-5.88) increased in all the varieties at low ASM level. However, there values were more in varieties CoJ 64 and CoH 128 than in CoS 767 and Co 0238. Proline (100.87 to 393.83 μg g-1 DW), total soluble carbohydrates (12.77 to 22.41 mg g-1 DW), total soluble proteins (9.59 to 13.79 mg g-1 DW) and total ascorbic acid content (9.36 to 13.13 mg g-1 DW) increased at low ASM level, with more increase in Co 0238 and CoS 767 as compared to CoJ 64 and CoH 128. A gradual decrease was observed in above parameters after stress revival. Low ASM levels caused formation of new protein band of MW 18.56, 13.46, 31.6 and 36.6 kDa in leaves of variety Co 0238. In case of CoJ 64, one new polypeptide band of MW 38.5 kDa appeared and two polypeptide bands of MW 13.6 and 18.56 kDa disappeared. Variety CoS 767 showed the presence of four new band of 13.46, 15.6, 18.56 and 38.2 kDa. Likewise in variety CoH 128 two new polypeptide bands of MW 25.2 and 26.8 kDa appeared and 4 band of MW 13.46, 15.6, 18.17 and 54.6 kDa disappeared at 30% and 40% ASM levels. ASM levels 30% and 40% significantly induced the antioxidative defense system by increasing the specific activities of enzymes viz., peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase whereas mean values of specific activity of catalase were low and activity of antioxidative enzymes was more in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The specific activity of sucrose synthase did not show significant difference at different level of ASM. Juice quality parameters viz., Brix, pol and CCS (%) were not affected at low ASM levels however, maximum values of theses parameters were recorded in varieties CoJ 64 followed by Co 0238, CoS 767 and CoH 128. The yield parameters viz., number of millable canes (22.05 and 15.7%), single cane weight (23.8 and 18.32%), cane length (20.16 and 14.9%) and internodal length (9.72 and 7.8%) were reduced significantly at 30% and 40% ASM levels, respectively. Among the varieties reduction was more in variety CoJ 64 and CoH 128 than Co 0238 and CoS 767. Cane yield significantly reduced by 40.5 and 31.0% at 30% and 40% ASM levels, respectively. Similarly sugar yield reduced by 40.56 and 31.9% at 30 and 40% ASM levels, respectively as compared to 50% ASM level. Significantly low reduction in yield parameters were recorded in varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767. The variety Co 0238 produced significantly highest cane yield and sugar yield (78.41 and 9.70 t ha-1) followed by CoS 767 (65.91 and 8.04 t ha-1), CoH128 (64.26 and 7.31 t ha-1) and CoJ 64 (57.60 and 7.06 t ha-1). Based on the above morpho-physiological, biochemical, juice quality and yield parameters studied, it is concluded that sugarcane varieties Co 0238 and CoS 767 showed better performance at 30% and 40% ASM levels than CoJ 64 and CoH 128.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810014420
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherCCSHAUen_US
dc.subPlant Physiology
dc.subjectSugarcane, ASM level, Antioxidative enzymes, Canopy temperature, Cane yield, Chlorophyll, Tillers, Photosynthetic rate, Water use efficiency, Juice quality and sugar yielden_US
dc.these.typePh.D
dc.titleEffect of different soil moisture regimes on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and juice quality of spring planted sugarcaneen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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