Evaluation of some candidate biomarkers for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis
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Date
2024-07-25
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U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a significant problem in India, affecting both cattle and
buffalo populations and leading to economic losses and public health risks. Current
diagnostic methods like the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT)
have limitations, contributing to underreporting and inadequate surveillance. This study
examines the potential of molecular biomarkers to improve bTB diagnosis accuracy and
reliability, with the goal of enhancing disease control efforts. Farm animals were screened by
SICCT test and based on test results animals were grouped into four group’s namely Group I SICCT TB/JD (animals were positive for both JD and bTB), Group II-SICCT JD (animals
were positive for JD only), Group III-SICCT Negative Exposed (animals were not positive
for JD or bTB, but they were in close contact with animals that tested positive for JD and
bTB), and Group IV-SICCT Negative Unexposed (animals tested negative for both bTB and
JD, and they had no direct interaction). All the animals grouped were tested with ancillary TB
testing viz. demonstration of AFB in nasal and faecal sample, detection of MTb complex
DNA in Nasal, Faecal and Plasma samples by semi-nested qPCR. Plasma samples were
collected for enzyme immunoassay for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IP-10 and Vitamin-D
Binding Protein levels. Additionally, a lateral flow assay was conducted to detect MTb specific antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for RNA
extraction and cDNA synthesis. RT-qPCR was performed to quantify gene expression levels
associated with bTB and JD. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the fold change in
gene expression relative to control groups.The research explores biomarkers like IFN Gamma and IP-10, showing promising results in distinguishing TB-infected animals from
those with Johne's disease or exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(MAP). The study observes elevated plasma levels of IFN-Gamma and IP-10 in TB-infected
animals, reflecting heightened immune responses and ongoing immune-mediated processes
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Conversely, lower levels of Vitamin
D-binding protein (VDBP) suggest dysregulation or suppression of immune responses
associated with TB and Johne's disease infections. These findings highlight the potential of
biomarkers to improve bTB diagnosis, offering non-invasive or minimally invasive methods
such as blood or milk tests. The present study suggests that IP-10 holds promise as a potential
biomarker for diagnosing bovine TB. However, further research involving larger populations
of TB-infected animals is necessary to determine its limit of detection accurately. This would
provide a more comprehensive understanding of IP-10's diagnostic utility and help establish
its reliability in practical TB diagnosis protocols.
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Self, Advisor, books, reports praticals etc./U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001