Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema Abbasi Elawad with insecticides and their combined effect on tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
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Date
2022-08
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G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Abstract
The present investigation on “Compatibility of Entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema abbasi Elawad with insecticides and their combined effect on Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)” were carried out during 2021-22 at the Insect Pathology laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar-263145 (Uttarakhand). The S. abbasi PN-1 infected the different tested insect species from the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Among the insects of different orders, the S. abbasi PN-1 is more virulent against lepidopteran insects. The life cycle of S. abbasi PN-1 was completed within 7.5 days under 30 oC and within 10 days under 25 oC in both G. melonella and S. litura larvae. Virulence studies of S. abbasi PN-1 proved that all larval stages and pupae of H. armigera and S. litura were found susceptible to the IJs of S. abbasi PN-1. It caused 100% larval mortality at 48-60 h of treatment in all tested doses. There was a positive correlation between insect mortality and the nematode concentration. The older larvae of H. armigera and S. litura were more susceptible than younger larvae but the larval stage is more susceptible than the pupal stage. Compatibility studies of S. abbasi PN-1 with insecticides proved that among the tested insecticides fipronil is more compatible followed by cyantaniliprole, indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole less compatible. All the treatments with lower concentration insecticides have less effect on progeny production in comparison to the higher concentrations of insecticides with S. abbasi PN-1. Among the tested insecticides fipronil showed less negative effect followed by indoxacarb, cyantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole showed a more negative effect on progeny production of S. abbasi PN-1. The S. abbasi PN-1 was formulated in glycerol + sodium alginate recorded more survival rate and virulence than the sodium alginate granules and distilled water after 40 days of storage. The above finding concluded that S. abbasi PN-1 can be utilized as a potential bio control agent against S. litura and H. armigera and can be used with insecticide to control S. litura. The S. abbasi PN-1 can be formulated in calcium alginate granule with glycerol and used to control insect pests.